Numerous large herbivore species, both native and exotic, share the southern Australian rangelands with domestic livestock, which often account for only about half of the total grazing pressure. Although each presents its individual challenge to landholders, the management of kangaroos is a key component of ecologically sustainable management of the region because (a) they represent a significant component of the non-domestic grazing pressure, particularly in areas from which dingos and wild dogs have been (partially) removed; (b) commercial harvesting, the means of control that has the highest social acceptability, has been rendered ineffective by the actions of activist groups and market closure due to food safety concerns; (c) the task is largely beyond the capacity of individual landholders; and (d) the same constraints do not apply to other non-domestic components of total grazing pressure. Management of total grazing pressure, and particularly kangaroos, currently represents a case of market failure because the level of management that can be expected of landholders is not consistent with public expectations for resource conservation and animal welfare. Several avenues are available by which kangaroo management could be advanced to achieve both public and private benefits. These include adoption of an active, adaptive management approach to the kangaroo population, establishment of arrangements that will shift the general perception of kangaroos from pest to resource, development of an appropriate incentive framework to achieve desirable landscape outcomes, and continued evaluation of the benefits and costs of cluster fencing. These initiatives require both a greater commitment from governments to address the market failure and a proactive stance by industry to engage stakeholders, self-regulate, and objectively demonstrate environmental and animal welfare credentials.

许多大型食草动物物种，无论是本地的还是外来的，都与家畜共享南澳大利亚牧场，这些家畜通常只占总放牧压力的一半左右。尽管袋鼠的饲养面临着各自的挑战，但袋鼠的管理是该地区生态可持续管理的关键组成部分，因为（a）它们代表着非家畜放牧压力的重要组成部分，特别是在野狗和野狗出没的地区已被（部分）删除；（b）由于食品安全问题，激进主义者团体的行动和市场关闭使商业性收获，具有最高社会接受度的控制手段无效；（c）这项任务基本上超出了各个土地所有者的能力；（d）相同的约束不适用于总掠食压力的其他非家庭因素。目前，总放牧压力（尤其是袋鼠）的管理代表着市场失灵的情况，因为土地所有者可以期望的管理水平与公众对资源节约和动物福利的期望不一致。袋鼠管理可以通过几种途径来实现公共和私人利益。这些措施包括对袋鼠种群采取积极，适应性的管理方法，建立将袋鼠的一般观念从害虫转变为资源的安排，制定适当的激励框架以实现理想的景观结果，并继续评估其效益和群集防护的成本。