Numerous orchid species are pollinated by food deception, where rewardless flowers attract foraging pollinators through the mimicry of other flowers or the use of non-specific floral signals. Here we investigate the pollination of Caladenia hildae, a member of a diverse Australian genus containing species pollinated by sexual deception, and species pollinated by food foraging pollinators. Despite eight bee species occurring at the main study site, only food foraging bees of a single species of Hylaeus (Colletidae) were observed to remove and deposit pollen of C. hildae. Spectral reflectance of C. hildae flowers differed from co-flowering rewarding species in terms of both the wavelengths of light reflected, and the pattern of colouration. As such, there was no evidence that C. hildae uses a pollination strategy based on floral mimicry. However, the attraction of only a single bee species at this site suggests that C. hildae may use a deceptive strategy that exploits sensory biases or behaviours that differ between Hylaeus sp. and the remainder of the bee community. While Hylaeus have been recorded visiting orchid flowers in several parts of the world, C. hildae may represent the first documented case of an orchid species specialised on pollination by Hylaeus bees.

中文翻译：

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在 Caladenia hildae（兰科）中使用 Hylaeus 蜜蜂的食物欺骗性授粉系统的证据

许多兰花物种通过食物欺骗进行授粉，其中无回报的花朵通过模仿其他花朵或使用非特定的花卉信号来吸引觅食的传粉者。在这里，我们调查了 Caladenia hildae 的授粉，这是一个澳大利亚多样化属的成员，包含通过性欺骗授粉的物种和通过觅食传粉媒介授粉的物种。尽管在主要研究地点出现了 8 种蜜蜂，但仅观察到单一种类的 Hylaeus（Colletidae）的食物觅食蜜蜂去除和沉积 C. hildae 的花粉。C. hildae 花的光谱反射率在反射光的波长和着色模式方面与共花有益物种不同。因此，没有证据表明 C. hildae 使用基于花卉拟态的授粉策略。然而，该站点仅对单一蜜蜂物种的吸引力表明 C. hildae 可能使用一种欺骗性策略，利用 Hylaeus sp. 之间不同的感官偏见或行为。和蜜蜂社区的其余部分。虽然在世界上的几个地方已经记录了 Hylaeus 访问兰花花，但 C. hildae 可能代表了第一个有记载的专门通过 Hylaeus 蜜蜂授粉的兰花物种案例。