The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing sunflower seed meal (SM) with isonitrogenous Polistes instabilis (PI) on in vitro methanogenesis, rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility. The SM was replaced with isonitrogenous PI at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8% proportions. Treatment groups were as follows: P0 = no replacement of SM with PI; P0.5 = 0.5% replacement of SM with PI; P1 = 1% replacement of SM with PI; P2 = 2% replacement of SM with PI; P4 = 4% replacement of SM with PI; and P8 = 8% replacement of SM with PI. As a result of this study, gas and methane production decreased linearly with PI inclusion in diet. The lowest value of in vitro organic matter digestibility, truly degraded substrate, metabolisable energy, and net energy lactation were observed in the P8 group. In vitro ruminal pH did not change linearly but was higher in P2 group than P0.5 group according to the combined effect. The propionic acid concentration in the rumen was lowest in P1 and P4 group and highest in P8 group; the quadratic effect was also significant. The butyric acid concentration in the rumen was not affected by dietary treatments. The short-chain fatty acids concentration decreased linearly with PI replacement. The fermentation efficiency was higher in P8 group than P1 and P4 groups. The replacement of SM with P. instabilis in beef cattle diet has the potential to reduce methane emissions. However, due to the high lipid content, it generally results in lower gas production and digestibility at 8% inclusion in the diet.

中文翻译：

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用等价不稳定性Polistes instabilis替代向日葵籽粉对体外产甲烷和瘤胃发酵的影响

这项研究的目的是评估用等价的不稳定性Polistes instabilis（PI）代替向日葵籽粕（SM ）对体外甲烷生成，瘤胃发酵和营养物质消化率的影响。SM用0.5、1、2、4和8％比例的等氮PI代替。治疗组如下：P0 =不用PI替代SM；P0.5 =用PI替代SM的0.5％；P1 =用PI替代SM的1％；P2 =用PI替代SM 2％；P4 =用PI替代SM 4％；P8 =用PI替代SM的8％。这项研究的结果是，日粮中的PI含量随气体和甲烷的产生呈线性下降。体外最低值P8组观察到有机物的消化率，真正降解的底物，代谢能和净能泌乳。结合起来，体外瘤胃pH值没有线性变化，但P2组高于P0.5组。P1和P4组瘤胃中丙酸浓度最低，P8组最高。二次效应也很显着。瘤胃中丁酸浓度不受饮食治疗的影响。短链脂肪酸的浓度随着PI的替换呈线性下降。P8组的发酵效率高于P1和P4组。用不稳定性假单胞菌替代SM在肉牛饮食中有减少甲烷排放的潜力。但是，由于脂质含量高，通常在日粮中添加8％会降低产气量和消化率。