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Another one bites the dust: taxonomic sampling of a key genus in phylogenomic datasets reveals more non-monophyletic groups in traditional scorpion classification
Invertebrate Systematics ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 , DOI: 10.1071/is19033
Carlos E. Santibáñez-López , Andrés A. Ojanguren-Affilastro , Prashant P. Sharma

Historically, morphological characters have been used to support the monophyly, composition, and phylogenetic relationships of scorpion families. Although recent phylogenomic analyses have recovered most of these traditional higher-level relationships as non-monophyletic, certain key taxa have yet to be sampled using a phylogenomic approach. Salient among these is the monotypic genus Caraboctonus Pocock,1893, the type species of the family Caraboctonidae Kraepelin, 1905. Here, we examined the putative monophyly and phylogenetic placement of this family, sampling the library of C. keyserlingi Pocock, 1893 using high throughput transcriptomic sequencing. Our phylogenomic analyses recovered Caraboctonidae as polyphyletic due to the distant placement of the genera Caraboctonus and Hadrurus Thorell, 1876. Caraboctonus was stably recovered as the sister-group of the monotypic family Superstitioniidae Stahnke, 1940, whereas Hadrurus formed an unstable relationship with Uroctonus Thorell, 1876and Belisarius Simon, 1879. Four-cluster likelihood mapping revealed that the instability inherent to the placement of Hadrurus, Uroctonus and Belisarius was attributable to significant gene tree conflict in the internodes corresponding to their divergences. To redress the polyphyly of Caraboctonidae, the following systematic actions have been taken: (1) the family Caraboctonidae has been delimited to consist of 23 species in the genera Caraboctonus and Hadruroides Pocock, 1893; (2) Caraboctonidae, previously included in the superfamily Iuroidea Thorell, 1876 or as incertae sedis, is transferred to the superfamily Caraboctonoidea (new rank); (3) the superfamily Hadruroidea (new rank) is established and the status of Hadrurinae Stahnke, 1973 is elevated to family (Hadruridae new status) including 9 species in the genera Hadrurus and Hoffmannihadrurus Fet & Soleglad, 2004 and (4) we treat Uroctonus and Belisarius as insertae sedis with respect to superfamilial placement. Our systematic actions engender the monophyly of both Iuroidea and Caraboctonidae. Future phylogenomic investigations should target similar taxon-poor and understudied lineages of potential phylogenetic significance, which are anticipated to reveal additional non-monophyletic groups.

中文翻译:

另一个令人震惊:系统基因组数据集中一个关键属的分类抽样揭示了传统蝎子分类中更多的非单系群体

从历史上看,形态特征已被用来支持蝎子科的单系、组成和系统发育关系。尽管最近的系统发育分析已经将这些传统的高级关系中的大多数恢复为非单系的,但某些关键分类群尚未使用系统发育方法进行采样。其中突出的是单型属 Caraboctonus Pocock,1893 年,Caraboctonidae Kraepelin 家族的模式种,1905 年。在这里,我们检查了该家族的推定的单系和系统发育位置,对 1893 年使用高通量的 C.keyserlingi Pocock 文库进行采样转录组测序。由于 Caraboctonus 和 Hadrurus Thorell 属距离较远,我们的系统基因组学分析将 Caraboctonidae 恢复为多系群,1876 年。Caraboctonus 被稳定地恢复为单型家族 Superstitioniidae Stahnke 的姐妹群,1940,而 Hadrurus 与 Uroctonus Thorell,1876 和 Belisarius Simon,1879 形成了不稳定的关系。 四簇似然映射揭示了 Hadrurus 位置固有的不稳定性, Uroctonus 和 Belisarius 可归因于与它们的分歧相对应的节间显着的基因树冲突。为了纠正 Caraboctonidae 的多系,采取了以下系统措施: (1) Caraboctonidae 科已被划定为由 Caraboctonus 和 Hadruroides Pocock 属的 23 个物种组成,1893 年;(2) Caraboctonidae,1876 年之前包括在 Iuroidea Thorell 总科或作为 incertae sedis 的 Caraboctonidae,被转移到 Caraboctonoidea 总科(新等级);(3) 建立 Hadruroidea 总科(新等级),Hadrurinae Stahnke 的地位,1973 年升格为科(Hadruridae 新地位),包括 Hadrurus 和 Hoffmannihadrurus Fet & Soleglad 属的 9 种,2004 年和 (4) 我们处理 Uroctonus和 Belisarius 作为插入 sedis 就超家族放置而言。我们的系统行为产生了 Iuroidea 和 Caraboctonidae 的单一系统。未来的系统基因组学研究应该针对类似的缺乏潜在系统发育意义的、缺乏研究的谱系,这些谱系有望揭示更多的非单系群。2004 和 (4) 我们将 Uroctonus 和 Belisarius 视为插入 sedis 就超家族放置而言。我们的系统行为产生了 Iuroidea 和 Caraboctonidae 的单一系统。未来的系统基因组学研究应该针对类似的缺乏潜在系统发育意义的、缺乏研究的谱系,这些谱系有望揭示更多的非单系群。2004 和 (4) 我们将 Uroctonus 和 Belisarius 视为插入 sedis 就超家族放置而言。我们的系统行为产生了 Iuroidea 和 Caraboctonidae 的单一系统。未来的系统基因组学研究应该针对类似的缺乏潜在系统发育意义的、缺乏研究的谱系,这些谱系有望揭示更多的非单系群。
更新日期:2020-01-01
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