Abstract. Paederinae, a diverse subfamily of rove beetles (Staphylinidae), is poorly explored with an outdated subtribal and generic classification lacking proper phylogenetic perspective. Therefore, the discovery of two Baltic amber fossil specimens resembling the genera Micrillus and Scymbalium, which are particularly challenging in terms of systematics, called for a thorough analysis to infer their phylogenetic position and their ecological requirements. The fossils were examined with light microscopy supplemented by X-ray micro-computed tomography, and then scored into a Paederinae-specific matrix of 99 morphological characters, along with a broad sample of recent Paederinae and non-paederine outgroups. Morphological phylogenetic analyses were conducted, using Bayesian Inference and Maximum Parsimony. The obtained phylogeny confirmed that the genera Scymbalium and Micrillus form a lineage outside Lathrobiina; therefore, both genera are now classified as Lathrobiini incertae sedis pending a more inclusive phylogenetic work on Paederinae. The analysis firmly placed both fossils in that recent lineage, albeit rendering Micrillus paraphyletic with respect to Scymbalium. Without a more extensive analysis based on the revised world fauna, any systematic changes would be premature. Thus, the fossils are described as Micrillus electrus, sp. nov. and Scymbalium phaethoni, sp. nov. in accordance with the current diagnoses of both genera. Given that the recent species of Micrillus and Scymbalium are predominantly thermophilic and mainly confined to dry open landscapes in Africa, southern Eurasia and Australia, the finding of Baltic amber representatives implies the very diverse landscape and the equable (sub)tropical palaeoclimatic conditions of the Eocene amberiferous ‘forest’, the latter being the subject of continued debates.

中文翻译：

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Paederinae rove 甲虫（鞘翅目、葡萄科）现存的 Micrillus-Scymbalium 谱系的波罗的海琥珀成员及其系统和生态学意义

摘要。Paederinae 是一种不同的 rove 甲虫 (Staphylinidae) 亚科，由于过时的亚部落和通用分类缺乏适当的系统发育视角，因此对它的研究很少。因此，发现两个类似于 Micrillus 和 Scymbalium 属的波罗的海琥珀化石标本，在系统学方面特别具有挑战性，需要彻底分析以推断它们的系统发育位置和生态要求。这些化石用光学显微镜检查并辅以 X 射线显微计算机断层扫描，然后将其分为 99 个形态特征的 Paederinae 特定矩阵，以及近期 Paederinae 和非 Paederine 外群的广泛样本。使用贝叶斯推理和最大简约进行了形态学系统发育分析。获得的系统发育证实，Scymbalium 和 Micrillus 属在 Lathrobiina 之外形成了一个谱系；因此，这两个属现在都被归类为 Lathrobiini incertae sedis，等待对 Paederinae 进行更具包容性的系统发育工作。该分析将这两种化石都牢牢地放在了最近的谱系中，尽管相对于 Scymbalium，Micrillus 并系。如果不根据修订后的世界动物群进行更广泛的分析，任何系统性变化都为时过早。因此，化石被描述为 Micrillus egrus, sp。十一月 和 Scymbalium phaethoni, sp。十一月 根据目前对这两个属的诊断。鉴于最近的 Micrillus 和 Scymbalium 物种主要是嗜热的，并且主要局限于非洲、欧亚大陆南部和澳大利亚的干燥开阔地带，