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When “evaporites” are not formed by evaporation: The role of temperature and pCO2 on saline deposits of the Eocene Green River Formation, Colorado, USA
GSA Bulletin ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 , DOI: 10.1130/b35303.1
Robert V. Demicco 1 , Tim K. Lowenstein 1
Affiliation  

Halite precipitates in the Dead Sea during winter but re-dissolves above the thermocline upon summer warming, “focusing” halite deposition below the thermocline (Sirota et al., 2016, 2017, 2018). Here we develop an “evaporite focusing” model for evaporites (nahcolite + halite) preserved in a restricted area of the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Creek Basin of Colorado, USA. Nahcolite solubility is dependent on partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) as well as temperature (T), so these models covary with both T and pCO2. In the lake that filled the Piceance Creek Basin, halite, nahcolite or mixtures of both could have precipitated during winter cooling, depending on the CO2 content in different parts of the lake. Preservation of these minerals occurs below the thermocline (>∼25 m) in deeper portions of the basin. Our modeling addresses both: (1) the restriction of evaporites in the Piceance Creek Basin to the center of the basin without recourse to later dissolution and (2) the variable mineralogy of the evaporites without recourse to changes in lake water chemistry. T from 20 to 30 °C and pCO2 between 1800 and 2800 ppm are reasonable estimates for the conditions in the Piceance Creek Basin paleolake. Other evaporites occur in the center of basins but do not extend out to the edges of the basin. Evaporite focusing caused by summer-winter T changes in the solubility of the minerals should be considered for such deposits and variable pCO2 within the evaporating brines also needs to be considered if pCO2 sensitive minerals are found.

中文翻译:

当没有通过蒸发形成“蒸发物”时:温度和pCO2在美国科罗拉多州始新世绿河组盐沉积中的作用

在冬天,卤石沉淀在死海中,但在夏季变暖后又在热跃层上方重新溶解,使盐岩沉积在热跃层下方(Sirota等人,2016,2017,2018)。在这里,我们为美国科罗拉多州Piceance Creek盆地始新世绿河形成的受限区域中保存的蒸发岩(纳科岩+盐岩)开发了“蒸发岩聚焦”模型。碳酸氢钠的溶解度取决于二氧化碳的分压(pCO2)和温度(T),因此这些模型与T和pCO2共同变化。在充满Piceance Creek盆地的湖泊中,根据湖泊不同部分的CO2含量,在冬季降温期间可能会析出盐岩,纳科石或两者的混合物。这些矿物质的保存发生在盆地深部的热跃层(> 25 m)以下。我们的模型解决了以下两个问题:(1)将Piceance Creek盆地中的蒸发物限制在盆地中心,而无需借助后期溶解;(2)蒸发物的可变矿物学而无需借助湖水化学变化。对于Piceance Creek盆地古水质条件,合理的估计是20至30°C的T和1800至2800 ppm的pCO2。其他蒸发物出现在盆地的中心,但没有延伸到盆地的边缘。对于此类沉积物,应考虑由夏冬季T引起的矿物溶解度变化引起的蒸发物聚集,如果发现了对pCO2敏感的矿物,则还应考虑蒸发盐水中的可变pCO2。(1)将Piceance Creek盆地中的蒸发物限制在盆地中心,而无需借助后期溶解;(2)蒸发物的可变矿物学而无需借助湖水化学变化。对于Piceance Creek盆地古水质条件,合理的估计是20至30°C的T和1800至2800 ppm的pCO2。其他蒸发物出现在盆地的中心,但没有延伸到盆地的边缘。对于此类沉积物,应考虑由夏冬季T引起的矿物溶解度变化引起的蒸发物聚集,如果发现了对pCO2敏感的矿物,则还应考虑蒸发盐水中的可变pCO2。(1)将Piceance Creek盆地中的蒸发物限制在盆地中心,而无需借助后期溶解;(2)蒸发物的可变矿物学而无需借助湖水化学变化。对于Piceance Creek盆地古水质条件,合理的估计是20至30°C的T和1800至2800 ppm的pCO2。其他蒸发物出现在盆地的中心,但没有延伸到盆地的边缘。对于此类沉积物,应考虑由夏冬季T引起的矿物溶解度变化引起的蒸发物聚集,如果发现了对pCO2敏感的矿物,则还应考虑蒸发盐水中的可变pCO2。对于Piceance Creek盆地古水质条件,合理的估计是20至30°C的T和1800至2800 ppm的pCO2。其他蒸发物出现在盆地的中心,但没有延伸到盆地的边缘。对于此类沉积物,应考虑由夏冬季T引起的矿物溶解度变化引起的蒸发物聚集,如果发现了对pCO2敏感的矿物,则还应考虑蒸发盐水中的可变pCO2。对于Piceance Creek盆地古水质条件,合理的估计是20至30°C的T和1800至2800 ppm的pCO2。其他蒸发物出现在盆地的中心,但没有延伸到盆地的边缘。对于此类沉积物,应考虑由夏冬季T引起的矿物溶解度变化引起的蒸发物聚集,如果发现了对pCO2敏感的矿物,则还应考虑蒸发盐水中的可变pCO2。
更新日期:2020-08-20
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