We propose a single‐station approach to estimate near‐surface elastic structure using collocated pressure and seismic instruments. Our main result in this study is near‐surface rigidity (shear modulus) structure at 784 EarthScope Transportable Array (TA) stations in operation from mid‐2011 to the end of 2018 using coherent horizontal seismic and pressure signals at 0.02 Hz. We isolate time periods for which surface pressure change is the dominant excitation source for seismic signals by searching for data windows with large pressure variations and high‐seismic‐pressure coherence. We emphasize the importance of using horizontal seismic components for two reasons: first, horizontal seismic signals are significantly higher than vertical signals at 0.02 Hz due to ground tilt, and second, we can analytically compute the predicted horizontal signals without an assumption of atmospheric pressure wavespeed (which is required for predicting the vertical excitation). Sensitivity kernels from 0.01 to 0.05 Hz show that this pressure–seismic coupling is mostly dependent on rigidity shallower than 50 or 100 m. Our estimates of shallow elastic structure show good spatial agreement with large‐scale surface geological features. For instance, stations in the Appalachian Mountains mostly have high rigidity, whereas low‐rigidity sites dominate the Mississippi Alluvial Plain. Because of the lack of measured velocity profiles, we quantitatively validate our approach by comparing with VS30 models that are based on proxies such as topographic slopes and large‐scale surface geology. We estimate near‐surface rigidity at 784 TA stations, where these locations have no prior structure information. Our method provides independent information for seismic hazard studies.

中文翻译：

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使用并置压力和水平地震数据估算低频噪声的近地表刚度

我们提出了一种单站方法，使用并置压力和地震仪器估算近地表弹性结构。我们这项研究的主要结果是，使用0.02 Hz的相干水平地震和压力信号，于2011年中至2018年底运行的784个EarthScope可移动阵列（TA）站的近地表刚度（剪切模量）结构。通过搜索具有较大压力变化和高地震压力相干性的数据窗口，我们可以分离出表面压力变化是地震信号的主要激发源的时间段。我们强调使用水平地震分量的重要性有两个原因：首先，由于地面倾斜，水平地震信号在0.02 Hz时明显高于垂直信号，其次，我们可以在不假设大气压力波速（预测垂直激励是必需的）的情况下，通过分析计算预测的水平信号。从0.01到0.05 Hz的敏感度内核显示，这种压力-地震耦合主要取决于小于50或100 m的刚度。我们对浅层弹性结构的估计与大型表层地质特征显示出良好的空间一致性。例如，阿巴拉契亚山脉的台站大部分具有较高的刚度，而低刚度的站点则主导着密西西比冲积平原。由于缺乏测得的速度剖面，我们通过与基于地形坡度和大规模表面地质等代理的VS30模型进行比较，对方法进行了定量验证。我们估算了784个TA站的近地表刚度，这些位置没有先验结构信息的地方。我们的方法为地震危险性研究提供了独立的信息。