Endometritis in the mare begins as a normal physiological inflammatory response to breeding that involves both a mechanical and immunological response pathway activated to rid the uterus of semen and bacteria. With successful resolution of this inflammation, the mare's uterus will provide a hospitable environment for the development of the semi-allogenic conceptus. If the mare fails to resolve this inflammatory response within 48 hours of breeding, she will become susceptible to persistent breeding induced endometritis (PBIE) which will have detrimental effects on her fertility. This condition can then predispose the mare to bacterial or fungal endometritis leading to further degeneration of the endometrium. Optimisation of the mare's fertility requires a fine balance between allowing the natural immune response of the endometrium to its exposure to allogenic semen to run its course, and yet preventing its progression to PBIE or the involvement of infectious agents. This review discusses the challenges presented by PBIE, latent infections, biofilms, fungal infections and the need to utilise diagnostic methods available and implement targeted treatments to optimise fertility in the mare.

中文翻译：

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马子宫内膜炎：挑战和新方法综述

母马的子宫内膜炎始于对繁殖的正常生理炎症反应，涉及激活的机械和免疫反应途径以清除子宫中的精液和细菌。随着这种炎症的成功解决，母马的子宫将为半异体孕体的发育提供一个适宜的环境。如果母马在繁殖后 48 小时内未能解决这种炎症反应，她将容易受到持续繁殖引起的子宫内膜炎 (PBIE) 的影响，这将对她的生育能力产生不利影响。这种情况会使母马容易患细菌性或真菌性子宫内膜炎，导致子宫内膜进一步退化。优化母马' 生育能力需要在允许子宫内膜对其暴露于同种异体精液的自然免疫反应进行其过程和防止其进展为 PBIE 或感染因子之间取得良好的平衡。本综述讨论了 PBIE、潜伏感染、生物膜、真菌感染所带来的挑战，以及利用可用的诊断方法和实施有针对性的治疗来优化母马生育能力的必要性。