Cow subfertility is a multi-factorial problem in many countries which is only starting to be unravelled. Molecular biology can provide a substantial source of insight into its causes and potential solutions, particularly through large scale, untargeted omics approaches. In this systematic review, we set out to compile, assess and integrate the latest proteomic and metabolomic research on cow reproduction, specifically that on the female reproductive tract and early embryo. We herein report a general improvement in technical standards throughout the temporal span examined; however, significant methodological limitations are also identified. We propose easily actionable avenues for ameliorating these shortcomings and enhancing the reach of this field. Text mining and pathway analysis corroborate the relevance of proteins and metabolites related to the triad oxidative stress-inflammation-disease on reproductive function. We envisage a breakthrough in cattle reproductive molecular research within the next few years as in vivo sample techniques are improved, omics analysis equipment becomes more affordable and widespread, and software tools for single- and multi-omics data processing are further developed. Additional investigation of the impact of local oxidative stress and inflammation on fertility, both at the local and systemic levels, is key towards realising the full potential of this field.

中文翻译：

---

奶牛生育力的蛋白质组学和代谢组学：系统回顾

在许多国家，奶牛低生育率是一个多因素问题，这个问题才刚刚开始被解开。分子生物学可以提供深入了解其原因和潜在解决方案的重要来源，特别是通过大规模、非靶向组学方法。在这篇系统综述中，我们着手汇编、评估和整合有关奶牛繁殖的最新蛋白质组学和代谢组学研究，特别是关于雌性生殖道和早期胚胎的研究。我们在此报告了整个时间跨度中技术标准的普遍改进；然而，也发现了重大的方法局限性。我们提出了一些易于操作的途径来改善这些缺点并扩大该领域的影响范围。文本挖掘和通路分析证实了与氧化应激-炎症-疾病三联征相关的蛋白质和代谢物对生殖功能的相关性。随着体内样本技术的改进，组学分析设备变得更加实惠和普及，以及进一步开发用于单组学和多组学数据处理的软件工具，我们预计在未来几年内牛生殖分子研究将取得突破。在局部和全身水平上进一步研究局部氧化应激和炎症对生育能力的影响，是实现该领域全部潜力的关键。随着体内样本技术的改进，组学分析设备变得更加实惠和普及，以及进一步开发用于单组学和多组学数据处理的软件工具，我们预计在未来几年内牛生殖分子研究将取得突破。在局部和全身水平上进一步研究局部氧化应激和炎症对生育能力的影响，是实现该领域全部潜力的关键。随着体内样本技术的改进，组学分析设备变得更加实惠和普及，以及进一步开发用于单组学和多组学数据处理的软件工具，我们预计在未来几年内牛生殖分子研究将取得突破。在局部和全身水平上进一步研究局部氧化应激和炎症对生育能力的影响，是实现该领域全部潜力的关键。