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Identification and rescue of a tRNA wobble inosine deficiency causing intellectual disability disorder
RNA ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-06 , DOI: 10.1261/rna.076380.120
Jillian Ramos , Melissa Proven , Jonatan Halvardson , Felix Hagelskamp , Ekaterina Kuchinskaya , Ben Phelan , Ryan Bell , Stefanie Kellner , Lars Feuk , Ann-Charlotte Thuresson , Dragony Fu

The deamination of adenosine to inosine at the wobble position of tRNA is an essential post-transcriptional RNA modification required for wobble decoding in bacteria and eukaryotes. In humans, the wobble inosine modification is catalyzed by the heterodimeric ADAT2/3 complex. Here, we describe novel pathogenic ADAT3 variants impairing adenosine deaminase activity through a distinct mechanism that can be corrected through expression of the heterodimeric ADAT2 subunit. The variants were identified in a family in which all three siblings exhibit intellectual disability linked to biallelic variants in the ADAT3 locus. The biallelic ADAT3 variants result in a missense variant converting alanine to valine at a conserved residue or the introduction of a premature stop codon in the deaminase domain. Fibroblast cells derived from two ID-affected individuals exhibit a reduction in tRNA wobble inosine levels and severely diminished adenosine tRNA deaminase activity. Notably, the ADAT3 variants exhibit impaired interaction with the ADAT2 subunit and alterations in ADAT2-dependent nuclear localization. Based upon these findings, we find that tRNA adenosine deaminase activity and wobble inosine modification can be rescued in patient cells by over-expression of the ADAT2 catalytic subunit. These results uncover a key role for the inactive ADAT3 deaminase domain in proper assembly with ADAT2 and demonstrate that ADAT2/3 nuclear import is required for maintaining proper levels of the wobble inosine modification in tRNA.

中文翻译:

导致智力障碍的tRNA摆动肌苷缺乏症的鉴定和拯救

在 tRNA 的摆动位置,腺苷脱氨为肌苷是细菌和真核生物摆动解码所需的一种必不可少的转录后 RNA 修饰。在人类中,摆动肌苷修饰由异二聚体 ADAT2/3 复合物催化。在这里,我们描述了新的致病性 ADAT3 变体通过一种独特的机制削弱了腺苷脱氨酶的活性,该机制可以通过异二聚体 ADAT2 亚基的表达来纠正。这些变异是在一个家族中发现的,其中所有三个兄弟姐妹都表现出与 ADAT3 基因座中的双等位基因变异相关的智力障碍。双等位基因 ADAT3 变体导致在保守残基处将丙氨酸转化为缬氨酸的错义变体或在脱氨酶域中引入过早终止密码子。来自两个受 ID 影响的个体的成纤维细胞表现出 tRNA 摆动肌苷水平的降低和腺苷 tRNA 脱氨酶活性的严重降低。值得注意的是,ADAT3 变体表现出与 ADAT2 亚基的相互作用受损以及 ADAT2 依赖性核定位的改变。基于这些发现,我们发现可以通过 ADAT2 催化亚基的过度表达在患者细胞中挽救 tRNA 腺苷脱氨酶活性和摆动肌苷修饰。这些结果揭示了失活的 ADAT3 脱氨酶结构域在与 ADAT2 正确组装中的关键作用,并证明 ADAT2/3 核输入是维持 tRNA 中摆动肌苷修饰的适当水平所必需的。ADAT3 变体表现出与 ADAT2 亚基的相互作用受损以及 ADAT2 依赖性核定位的改变。基于这些发现,我们发现可以通过 ADAT2 催化亚基的过度表达在患者细胞中挽救 tRNA 腺苷脱氨酶活性和摆动肌苷修饰。这些结果揭示了失活的 ADAT3 脱氨酶结构域在与 ADAT2 正确组装中的关键作用,并证明 ADAT2/3 核输入是维持 tRNA 中摆动肌苷修饰的适当水平所必需的。ADAT3 变体表现出与 ADAT2 亚基的相互作用受损以及 ADAT2 依赖性核定位的改变。基于这些发现,我们发现可以通过 ADAT2 催化亚基的过度表达在患者细胞中挽救 tRNA 腺苷脱氨酶活性和摆动肌苷修饰。这些结果揭示了失活的 ADAT3 脱氨酶结构域在与 ADAT2 正确组装中的关键作用,并证明 ADAT2/3 核输入是维持 tRNA 中摆动肌苷修饰的适当水平所必需的。
更新日期:2020-08-06
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