Per WHO recommendations, the implementation of the next-generation of Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) for malaria vector control requires appropriate investigations on the insecticide resistance profile of the vector and the impact of the LLINs on the known resistant mosquitoes. The next-generation of LLINs are actually an incorporation of a mixture of pyrethroid insecticides and a synergist such as PBO. Several studies have proven the additional impact of PBO on the increase in the mortality rate of Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae). However, further assessments need to be done at community level in order to set a stage for the acceleration of the WHO policies on the implementation of the next-generation of LLINs. Kolokope is a cotton-growing area in the central region of Togo characterized by an intensive use of agro pesticides and insecticides. A phase II experimental hut station for the evaluation of mosquito control tools has been built in Kolokope. For the characterization of the site, WHO susceptibility tests using diagnostic doses of eight insecticides, PBO synergist assay and intensity assay of three pyrethroids (5x and 10x) were conducted on adult female mosquitoes obtained from larvae collected around the site. Anopheles gambiae s.l. from Kolokope showed high resistance to pyrethroids and DDT, but in lesser extent to carbamates and organophosphates. Likewise, high intensity of resistance to pyrethroid was observed with less than 40% mortality at 10x deltamethrin, 52 and 29% mortality at 10x permethrin and 10x alphacypermethrin, respectively. Also, the addition of PBO showed a reversal mortality which was similar to mortality rate at 10x doses of pyrethroids. The high pyrethroid intensity resistance recorded at Kolokope could be mainly due to the pressure on An. gambiae s.l. through the excessive use of insecticide in agriculture. This can be used for the assessment of the next-generation of LLINs either in experimental hut or at a community trial.

中文翻译：

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多哥东部高原古洛科珀第二阶段小屋试验站冈比亚按蚊（双翅目：葫芦科）的拟除虫菊酯抗性强度：评估下一代长效杀虫网的潜在场所

根据世卫组织的建议，为控制疟疾媒介而采用下一代长效杀虫网（LLIN）要求对媒介的杀虫剂抗药性以及LLIN对已知抗药性蚊子的影响进行适当研究。下一代LLIN实际上是将拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂和增效剂（例如PBO）混合而成的混合物。几项研究证明了PBO对冈比亚按蚊sl（Diptera：Culicidae）死亡率增加的额外影响。但是，需要在社区一级进行进一步的评估，以便为加速世卫组织实施下一代LLIN的政策奠定基础。Kolokope是多哥中部的棉花种植区，其特点是大量使用农业农药和杀虫剂。在科洛科普岛建立了用于评估蚊子控制工具的II期实验小屋站。为了表征该地点，对从该地点周围收集的幼虫获取的成年雌性蚊子进行了WHO诊断，使用八种杀虫剂的诊断剂量，PBO增效剂测定和三种拟除虫菊酯（5x和10x）的强度测定。来自Kolokope的冈比亚按蚊sl对拟除虫菊酯和DDT具有较高的抗性，但对氨基甲酸酯和有机磷酸盐的抗性较小。同样，观察到对拟除虫菊酯的高强度抗性，在10x溴氰菊酯中死亡率低于40％，在10x苄氯菊酯和10xα-氯氰菊酯中分别为52％和29％死亡率。也，加入PBO的逆转死亡率与拟除虫菊酯10倍剂量时的死亡率相似。在Kolokope记录到的高拟除虫菊酯强度抗性可能主要是由于对An的压力。冈比亚sl通过在农业中过度使用杀虫剂。这可用于在实验小屋或社区试验中评估下一代LLIN。