Abstract

The Grallaria rufula complex is currently considered to consist of 2 species, G. rufula (Rufous Antpitta) and G. blakei (Chestnut Antpitta). However, it has been suggested that the complex, populations of which occur in humid montane forests from Venezuela to Bolivia, comprises a suite of vocally distinct yet morphologically cryptic species. We sequenced nuclear and mitochondrial DNA for 80 individuals from across the distribution of the complex to determine the extent of genetic variation between and within described taxa. Our results revealed 18 geographically coherent clades separated by substantial genetic divergence: 14 within rufula, 3 within blakei, and 1 corresponding to G. rufocinerea (Bicolored Antpitta), a species with distinctive plumage found to be nested within the complex. Neither G. rufula nor G. blakei as presently defined was monophyletic. Although 6 of the 7 recognized subspecies of G. rufula were monophyletic, several subspecies contained substantial genetic differentiation. Genetic variation was largely partitioned across recognized geographic barriers, especially across deep river valleys in Peru and Colombia. Coalescent modeling identified 17 of the 18 clades as significantly differentiated lineages, whereas analyses of vocalizations delineated 16 biological species within the complex. The G. rufula complex seems unusually diverse even among birds of the humid Andes, a prime location for cryptic speciation; however, the extent to which other dispersal-limited Andean species groups exhibit similar degrees of cryptic differentiation awaits further study.

中文翻译：

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Scytalopus tapaculos（Rhinocryptidae）（新热带山地鸟类的神秘辐射）的系统学，生物地理学和多样化

摘要

所述Grallaria rufula目前复杂被认为包括2种，G. rufula（棕Antpitta）和G. blakei（板栗Antpitta）。然而，已经有人提出，复杂的种群包括从委内瑞拉到玻利维亚的潮湿山地森林，其中包括一组语音上独特但形态上隐秘的物种。我们对整个分布中的80个个体的核和线粒体DNA进行了测序，以确定所描述的类群之间和之内的遗传变异程度。我们的研究结果揭示了18个地理上相干的进化枝，由大量的遗传差异隔开：rufula内有14个，blakei内有3个，而rufocinerea对应1个（双色的蚂蚁），一种具有独特羽毛的物种，被发现筑巢于巢中。既不G. rufula也不G. blakei如当前定义为单系。尽管公认的金盏花7个亚种中有6个是单种的，但有几个亚种包含大量的遗传分化。遗传变异主要分布在公认的地理障碍之间，特别是在秘鲁和哥伦比亚的深河谷中。联合建模将18个进化枝中的17个鉴定为明显分化的谱系，而发声分析则分析了复合物中的16个生物物种。该G. rufula即使在潮湿的安第斯山脉的鸟类之间，这种复杂的事物也异常地多样化，这是神秘物种形成的主要地点。然而，其他散布限制的安第斯物种群体在何种程度上表现出相似程度的隐秘分化，尚待进一步研究。