Introduction
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only tuberculosis vaccine available and although it has been routinely used for more than 80 years, its protective effect varies depending on the age and the form of tuberculosis. Due to the close analogy between the vaccine strain and other species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, molecular methods are recommended for differential diagnosis of post-BCG complications. The aim of the study was to assess usefulness of molecular methods in diagnosis of post-BCG vaccine adverse events (VAEs).

Material and methods
M. tuberculosis complex strains obtained in 2011-2017 from 68 ill children were subjected to molecular analysis.

Results
Molecular analysis of 68 strains showed 100% agreement between the results in the GenoType MTBC method and the multiplex PCR method. For the strains isolated from 45 patients with suspected VAE, M. bovis BCG was obtained, whereas the strains isolated from the remaining 23 children were identified as M. tuberculosis. The analysis confirmed the close relationship between the result of identification and the type of material as well as the patient’s age.

Conclusions
The use of genetic methods enables quick and detailed diagnostics of infections caused by M. bovis BCG, which allows for the confirmation or exclusion of VAE.



中文翻译：

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卡介苗接种后不良事件诊断的分子方法

 介绍

卡介苗 (BCG) 是唯一可用的结核病疫苗，尽管它已常规使用 80 多年，但其保护作用根据年龄和结核病的形式而有所不同。由于疫苗株与结核分枝杆菌复合体的其他物种之间的密切相似性，建议使用分子方法对卡介苗后并发症进行鉴别诊断。该研究的目的是评估分子方法在诊断卡介苗接种后不良事件 (VAE) 中的有用性。

 材料与方法

对 2011 年至 2017 年从 68 名患病儿童中获得的结核分枝杆菌复合菌株进行了分子分析。

 结果

对 68 株菌株的分子分析显示，GenoType MTBC 方法与多重 PCR 方法的结果 100% 一致。从 45 名疑似 VAE 患者中分离出的菌株为牛分枝杆菌 BCG，而从其余 23 名儿童中分离出的菌株被鉴定为结核分枝杆菌。分析证实了鉴定结果与材料类型以及患者年龄之间的密切关系。

 结论

使用遗传方法可以对牛支原体 BCG 引起的感染进行快速、详细的诊断，从而可以确认或排除 VAE。