The high demand of barley for animal feed and the scarcity of fresh water increase the need for the reuse of treated wastewater as an alternative source for irrigation. Therefore, two-field experiments were conducted to study physiological processes, plant growth, grain yield and yield components of four-barley cultivars grown under four-irrigation treatments using treated wastewater or fresh water. Plants of four-barley cultivars (ACSAD176, Rum, Athroh, Yarmouk) were exposed to four-irrigation treatments: 1) Full-irrigation using treated wastewater (FWW); 2) Supplementary-irrigation using treated wastewater (SWW); 3) Supplementary-irrigation using fresh water (SFW); 4) Non-irrigation treatment (Rainfed). Fullor supplementary-irrigation using treated wastewater reduced stomatal resistance and increased plant photosynthetic rate, plant height, grain yield and yield components as estimated by grain number plant-1 and 1000-grain weight compared with rainfed conditions. Plants grown under supplementary-irrigation using treated wastewater produced higher grain yield than those grown under supplementary-irrigation using fresh water. Rum cultivar had the highest grain yield among cultivars grown under irrigation. Under rainfed conditions, Rum and ACSAD176 had the highest grain yield. In conclusion, supplementary-irrigation using treated wastewater improved grain yield of barley and can be a better choice to conserve water and reduce the risk of plant lodging at the end of the growing season. Irrigation barley using treated wastewater did not change heavy metal (Zn, Cd, and Pb) concentrations in soil or harvested grains.

中文翻译：

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处理过的废水在干旱地区灌溉大麦的效果优于淡水

动物饲料大麦的高需求和淡水的稀缺增加了将处理过的废水再利用作为灌溉替代来源的需求。因此，进行了两田试验，以研究使用处理过的废水或淡水在四次灌溉处理下生长的四种大麦品种的生理过程、植物生长、谷物产量和产量构成。四种大麦品种（ACSAD176、Rum、Athroh、Yarmouk）的植物接受四种灌溉处理：1）使用处理过的废水（FWW）进行充分灌溉；2) 处理后的废水补充灌溉（SWW）；3) 淡水补充灌溉（SFW）；4）非灌溉处理（Rainfed）。使用处理过的废水充分补充灌溉降低了气孔阻力并增加了植物光合速率、植物高度、与雨养条件相比，通过谷物数量植物 1 和 1000 粒重估计的谷物产量和产量构成。使用处理过的废水在补充灌溉下种植的植物比在使用淡水补充灌溉下种植的植物产生更高的谷物产量。在灌溉条件下种植的品种中，朗姆酒品种的谷物产量最高。在雨养条件下，朗姆酒和 ACSAD176 的谷物产量最高。总之，使用处理过的废水进行补充灌溉提高了大麦的谷物产量，并且可以成为节约用水和降低植物在生长季节结束时倒伏风险的更好选择。使用处理过的废水灌溉大麦并没有改变土壤或收获谷物中的重金属（锌、镉和铅）浓度。