Clean and safe drinking water for all is an essential requirement for the world in which we want to live, but a majority of the population has been dependent on groundwater for its daily needs. Toxic contamination of such water could result in large-scale health effects. A great proportion of groundwater suffers from the problems of nitrate, fluoride, and arsenic contamination. Thus, the present research was aimed to remove these contaminants from the water. Hydrous bismuth oxide based adsorbents exhibited high adsorption capacities towards nitrate, fluoride and arsenic. However, As (V) removal was found to be more effective as compared to nitrate and fluoride. The removal efficiencies are 52, 72 and 92% for nitrate, fluoride and As (V), respectively, during concurrent removal of the same. Ion exchange with chloride ions was the probable mechanism for the concurrent removal of the above three anions from water. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used for the characterization of HBO_12mix adsorbents. The results of the present study indicated that HBO_12mix has the potential for concurrent removal of nitrate, fluoride, and As (V) from groundwater. Hence, hydrous bismuth oxide can be used in the drinking water treatment process at a domestic level.

对所有人来说，清洁和安全的饮用水是我们赖以生存的世界的基本要求，但是大多数人口一直依靠地下水来满足其日常需求。此类水的有毒污染可能导致大规模的健康影响。很大一部分地下水遭受硝酸盐，氟化物和砷污染的问题。因此，本研究旨在从水中去除这些污染物。基于水合氧化铋的吸附剂表现出对硝酸盐，氟化物和砷的高吸附能力。然而，发现与硝酸盐和氟化物相比，去除砷（V）更为有效。同时去除硝酸盐，氟化物和砷（V）的去除效率分别为52％，72％和92％。与氯离子的离子交换是同时从水中除去上述三种阴离子的可能机理。扫描电子显微镜（SEM），X射线衍射（XRD），能量色散X射线光谱（EDS）和傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）用于表征HBO_12mix吸附剂。本研究的结果表明，HBO _12mix具有同时去除地下水中硝酸盐，氟化物和As（V）的潜力。因此，含水氧化铋可以在家庭水平上用于饮用水处理过程中。