Mountain agricultural systems (MASs) are multifunctional and multidimensional sociocultural systems. They are constantly influenced by many factors whose intensity and impacts are unpredictable. The recent Hindu Kush–Himalayan Assessment Report highlighted the need to integrate mountain perspectives into governance decisions on sustaining resources in the Hindu Kush–Himalayan region, emphasizing the importance of sustainable MASs. Our reflective literature review identified 3 barriers to advancing the agenda for sustainable MASs: (1) the disconnect of normative orientations for sustainability at differen scales, (2) inadequate alignment between stakeholders' sustainability orientation and scientific evidence, and (3) weak integration of scientific evidence into the formulation of mountain specific solutions for sustainability. To address these barriers, we propose a conceptual, regional (mountain specific), transdisciplinary framework with an interscale science–policy interface. This will help scientific evidence to be incorporated in future policies and programs on sustainable MASs while being responsive to the needs of mountain farming communities and stakeholders who benefit from broader services. The framework emphasizes the connection between normative orientations for sustainability, science evidence, and solutions for sustainability through the use of iterative transdisciplinary knowledge-generation and knowledge-integration multiscale feedback processes. Thus, the key to advancing the agenda for sustainability of MASs lies in aligning scientific evidence with existing normative orientations for sustainability at local, subnational, national, regional, and global levels. The alignment triggers sustainability-oriented solutions. This should highlight MASs globally, increasing investment while acknowledging MAS specificities and niche opportunities. In turn, this will strengthen national policies and programs specific to MASs and facilitate integrated farm management through interdisciplinary extension and delivery services.

中文翻译：

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推进山区农业系统可持续发展议程的多尺度跨学科框架

山区农业系统（MAS）是多功能和多维的社会文化系统。它们不断受到强度和影响不可预测的许多因素的影响。最近的兴都库什 - 喜马拉雅评估报告强调需要将山区观点纳入有关维持兴都库什 - 喜马拉雅地区资源的治理决策，强调可持续 MAS 的重要性。我们的反思性文献回顾确定了推进可持续 MAS 议程的 3 个障碍：(1) 不同尺度的可持续性规范取向脱节，(2) 利益相关者的可持续性取向与科学证据之间的协调不足，以及 (3)为可持续发展制定山区特定解决方案的科学证据。为了解决这些障碍，我们提出了一个具有跨尺度科学政策接口的概念性、区域性（特定于山地）跨学科框架。这将有助于将科学证据纳入未来可持续 MAS 的政策和计划，同时响应山区农业社区和受益于更广泛服务的利益相关者的需求。该框架通过使用迭代的跨学科知识生成和知识整合多尺度反馈过程，强调可持续性的规范取向、科学证据和可持续性解决方案之间的联系。因此，推进 MAS 可持续性议程的关键在于将科学证据与地方、次国家、国家、区域、和全球层面。这种一致性触发了以可持续性为导向的解决方案。这应该在全球范围内突出 MAS，增加投资，同时承认 MAS 的特殊性和利基机会。反过来，这将加强针对 MAS 的国家政策和计划，并通过跨学科推广和交付服务促进综合农场管理。