Microplastic and microglass particles from different sources enter aquatic and terrestrial environments. The complexity of their environmental impact is difficult to capture, and the consequences for ecosystem components, for example, the soil microorganisms, are virtually unknown. To address this issue, we performed an incubation experiment by adding 1 % of five different types of impurities (≤100 µm) to an agriculturally used soil (Chernozem) and simulating a worst-case scenario of contamination. The impurities were made of polypropylene (PP), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS), polyamide 12 (PA12) and microglass. After 80 d of incubation at 20 ^∘C, we examined the soil microbial community structure by using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) as markers for bacteria, fungi and protozoa. The results showed that soil microorganisms were not significantly affected by the presence of microplastic and microglass. However, PLFAs tend to increase with LDPE (28 %), PP (19 %) and microglass (11 %) in treated soil in comparison with untreated soil, whereas PLFAs in PA12 (32 %) and PS (11 %) in treated soil decreased. Interestingly, PLFAs revealed significant differences in PA12 (−89 %) and PS (−43 %) in comparison with LDPE. Furthermore, variability of bacterial PLFAs was much higher after microplastic incubation, while fungi seemed to be unaffected from different impurities after 80 d of incubation. Similar results were shown for protozoa, which were also more or less unaffected by microplastic treatment as indicated by the minor reduction in PLFA contents compared to the control group. In contrast, microglass seems to have an inhibiting effect on protozoa because PLFAs were under the limit of determination. Our study indicated that high amounts of different microplastics may have contrary effects on soil microbiology. Microglass might have a toxic effect for protozoa.

中文翻译：

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微生物和微玻璃颗粒对耕地土壤（Chernozem）微生物群落结构的影响

来自不同来源的微塑料和微玻璃颗粒进入水生和陆地环境。它们对环境影响的复杂性难以捉摸，而且对生态系统组成部分（例如土壤微生物）的后果几乎是未知的。为了解决这个问题，我们通过将五种不同类型的杂质（1A的????％进行的温育实验â??¤100 â???? Aμ m）至农业上使用的土壤（黑土）和模拟最差-污染情况。杂质由聚丙烯（PP），低密度聚乙烯（LDPE），聚苯乙烯（PS），聚酰胺12（PA12）和微玻璃制成。在20度孵化80度后 ^{一种？？？？}C，我们通过使用磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）作为细菌，真菌和原生动物的标志物来检查土壤微生物群落结构。结果表明，土壤微生物不受微塑料和微玻璃的影响。但是，与未经处理的土壤相比，经处理的土壤中的LDPE（28％），PP（19％）和微玻璃纤维（11％）的PLFA倾向于增加，而PA12中的PLFAs（ 32％？）和PS（11％）的减少。有趣的是，磷脂脂肪酸揭示了PA12（显著差异â???? 89A ????％）和PS（â????43％）与LDPE相比。此外，细菌PLFAs的变异性在微塑料孵育后要高得多，而真菌在孵育80 d后似乎不受不同杂质的影响。对于原生动物也显示了相似的结果，与对照组相比，PLFA含量略有降低表明原生动物也未受到微塑性处理的影响。相反，微玻璃似乎对原生动物具有抑制作用，因为PLFA处于测定极限之下。我们的研究表明，大量不同的微塑料可能会对土壤微生物产生相反的影响。微玻璃可能对原生动物有毒作用。