Abstract. The “Masiere di Vedana” rock avalanche, located in the Belluno Dolomites (NE Italy) at the foot of Mt. Peron, is reinterpreted as historic on the base of archeological information and cosmogenic 36Cl exposure dates. The deposit is 9 km 2 wide, has a volume of ∼170 Mm 3 corresponding to a pre-detachment rock mass of ∼130 Mm 3 , and has a maximum runout distance of 6 km and an H∕L ratio of ∼0.2 . Differential velocities of the rock avalanche moving radially over different topography and path material lead to the formation of specific landforms (tomas and compressional ridges). In the Mt. Peron crown the bedding is subvertical and includes carbonate lithologies from Lower Jurassic (Calcari Grigi Group) to Cretaceous (Maiolica) in age. The stratigraphic sequence is preserved in the deposit with the formations represented in the boulders becoming younger with distance from the source area. In the release area the bedding, the SSE-verging frontal thrust planes, the NW-verging backthrust planes, the NW–SE fracture planes, and the N–S Jurassic fault planes controlled the failure and enhanced the rock mass fragmentation. The present Mt. Peron crown still shows hundreds-of-metres-high rock prisms bounded by backwall trenches. Cosmogenic 36Cl exposure ages, mean 1.90±0.45 ka, indicate failure occurred between 340 BCE and 560 CE. Although abundant Roman remains were found in sites surrounding the rock avalanche deposit, none were found within the deposit, and this is consistent with a late Roman or early Middle Ages failure. Seismic and climatic conditions as landslide predisposing factors are discussed. Over the last few hundred years, earthquakes up to Mw=6.3 , including that at 365 CE, have affected the Belluno area. Early in the first millennium, periods of climate worsening with increasing rainfall occurred in the NE Alps. The combination of climate and earthquakes induced progressive long-term damage to the rock until a critical threshold was reached and the Masiere di Vedana rock avalanche occurred.

中文翻译：

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历史悠久的 Masiere di Vedana 岩石雪崩（Belluno Dolomites，意大利东北部）的时间、驱动因素和影响

摘要。“Masiere di Vedana”岩石雪崩，位于贝卢诺白云岩（意大利东北部）山脚下。根据考古信息和宇宙起源 36Cl 暴露日期，庇隆被重新解释为具有历史意义。矿床宽 9 km 2 ，体积约 170 Mm 3 ，对应于约 130 Mm 3 的拆离前岩体，最大跳动距离为 6 km，H∕L 比约为 0.2。岩石雪崩在不同地形和路径材料上径向移动的不同速度导致特定地貌（托马斯和压缩脊）的形成。在山。Peron 冠层层理是近垂直的，包括年龄从下侏罗纪（Calcari Grigi Group）到白垩纪（Maiolica）的碳酸盐岩性。沉积物中保留了地层序列，以巨石为代表的地层随着距源区的距离而变得更年轻。在释放区，层理、接近 SSE 的正面推力面、接近 NW 的反推力面、NW-SE 断裂面和 N-S 侏罗系断层控制了破坏并增强了岩体破碎。现在的山 庇隆冠仍然显示出数百米高的岩石棱柱，以后壁沟槽为界。Cosmogenic 36Cl 暴露年龄，平均 1.90±0.45 ka，表明在公元前 340 年和公元 560 年之间发生了故障。尽管在岩石雪崩矿床周围的地点发现了丰富的罗马遗迹，但在矿床内没有发现任何遗迹，这与罗马晚期或中世纪早期的失败是一致的。讨论了作为滑坡诱发因素的地震和气候条件。在过去的几百年中，包括在公元 365 年发生的地震高达 Mw=6.3 的地震已经影响了贝卢诺地区。在第一个千年初期，随着降雨量的增加气候恶化的时期出现在东北阿尔卑斯山。气候和地震的共同作用对岩石造成了渐进的长期破坏，直到达到临界阈值并发生 Masiere di Vedana 岩石雪崩。