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Climate impacts on vegetation and fire dynamics since the last deglaciation at Moossee (Switzerland)
Climate of the Past ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-28 , DOI: 10.5194/cp-16-1347-2020 Fabian Rey , Erika Gobet , Christoph Schwörer , Albert Hafner , Sönke Szidat , Willy Tinner
Climate of the Past ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-28 , DOI: 10.5194/cp-16-1347-2020 Fabian Rey , Erika Gobet , Christoph Schwörer , Albert Hafner , Sönke Szidat , Willy Tinner
Since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; end ca. 19â000âcalâBP) central European plant communities have been shaped by changing climatic and
anthropogenic disturbances. Understanding long-term ecosystem
reorganizations in response to past environmental changes is crucial to draw
conclusions about the impact of future climate change. So far, it has been
difficult to address the post-deglaciation timing and ecosystem dynamics due
to a lack of well-dated and continuous sediment sequences covering the
entire period after the LGM. Here, we present a new paleoecological study
with exceptional chronological time control using pollen, spores and
microscopic charcoal from Moossee (Swiss Plateau, 521âmâa.s.l.) to
reconstruct the vegetation and fire history over the last ca. 19â000 years.
After lake formation in response to deglaciation, five major pollen-inferred
ecosystem rearrangements occurred at ca. 18â800âcalâBP (establishment of
steppe tundra), 16â000âcalâBP (spread of shrub tundra), 14â600âcalâBP
(expansion of boreal forests), 11â600âcalâBP (establishment of the first
temperate deciduous tree stands composed of, e.g., Quercus, Ulmus, Alnus) and 8200âcalâBP (first
occurrence of mesophilous Fagus sylvatica trees). These vegetation shifts were caused by
climate changes at ca. 19â000, 16â000, 14â700, 11â700 and 8200âcalâBP.
Vegetation responses occurred with no apparent time lag to climate change when the mutual chronological uncertainties are considered. This finding is in
agreement with further evidence from southern and central Europe and might
be explained by the proximity to the refugia of boreal and temperate trees
(<400âkm) and rapid species spreads. Our palynological record sets
the beginning of millennial-scale land use with periodically increased fire
and agricultural activities of the Neolithic period at ca. 7000âcalâBP.
Subsequently, humans rather than climate triggered changes in vegetation
composition and structure. We conclude that Fagus sylvatica forests were resilient to
long-term anthropogenic and climatic impacts of the Mid and the Late
Holocene. However, future climate warming and in particular declining
moisture availability may cause unprecedented reorganizations of central
European beech-dominated forest ecosystems.
中文翻译:
自莫斯湖(瑞士)上一次冰消期以来的气候对植被和火灾动态的影响
自从最后一次冰河最大期(LGM;结束于19â€?000?cal ???? BP)以来,中欧的植物群落受到气候和人为因素变化的影响。了解对过去的环境变化做出响应的长期生态系统重组对于得出有关未来气候变化影响的结论至关重要。迄今为止,由于缺乏LGM后整个时期的良好且连续的沉积序列,因此难以解决冰消后时间和生态系统动态。在这里,我们提出了一项新的古生态学研究,该研究采用了特殊的时间控制,使用了花粉,孢子和来自Moossee(瑞士高原,521-?m?asl)的细微木炭,以重建最后一个ca的植被和火灾历史。 19â€?000年。在因冰消而形成湖泊之后,Quercus,Ulmus,Alnus)和8200cal(BP)(中温的Fagus sylvatica树首次出现)。这些植被的变化是由气候变化引起的,大约在19°C,000°C,16°C,000°C,14°C,700°C,11°C,700°C和8200°C。 BP。当考虑到时间上的相互不确定性时,植被的响应就没有明显的时间滞后于气候变化。这一发现与来自南欧和中欧的进一步证据相符,并且可以用寒带和温带树木的避难所(<400?km)和快速的物种传播。我们的孢粉记录记录了新石器时代约7000 cal BP的新石器时代周期性增加的火灾和农业活动,开始了千禧年规模的土地利用。随后,人类而不是气候引发了植被组成和结构的变化。我们得出的结论是,中新世和晚期新人类对森林的长期影响是有恢复力的。然而,未来的气候变暖,尤其是水分供应的减少可能会导致中欧山毛榉为主的森林生态系统的空前重组。
更新日期:2020-08-20
中文翻译:
自莫斯湖(瑞士)上一次冰消期以来的气候对植被和火灾动态的影响
自从最后一次冰河最大期(LGM;结束于19â€?000?cal ???? BP)以来,中欧的植物群落受到气候和人为因素变化的影响。了解对过去的环境变化做出响应的长期生态系统重组对于得出有关未来气候变化影响的结论至关重要。迄今为止,由于缺乏LGM后整个时期的良好且连续的沉积序列,因此难以解决冰消后时间和生态系统动态。在这里,我们提出了一项新的古生态学研究,该研究采用了特殊的时间控制,使用了花粉,孢子和来自Moossee(瑞士高原,521-?m?asl)的细微木炭,以重建最后一个ca的植被和火灾历史。 19â€?000年。在因冰消而形成湖泊之后,Quercus,Ulmus,Alnus)和8200cal(BP)(中温的Fagus sylvatica树首次出现)。这些植被的变化是由气候变化引起的,大约在19°C,000°C,16°C,000°C,14°C,700°C,11°C,700°C和8200°C。 BP。当考虑到时间上的相互不确定性时,植被的响应就没有明显的时间滞后于气候变化。这一发现与来自南欧和中欧的进一步证据相符,并且可以用寒带和温带树木的避难所(<400?km)和快速的物种传播。我们的孢粉记录记录了新石器时代约7000 cal BP的新石器时代周期性增加的火灾和农业活动,开始了千禧年规模的土地利用。随后,人类而不是气候引发了植被组成和结构的变化。我们得出的结论是,中新世和晚期新人类对森林的长期影响是有恢复力的。然而,未来的气候变暖,尤其是水分供应的减少可能会导致中欧山毛榉为主的森林生态系统的空前重组。