ABSTRACT With increasing population and demand for food, reducing food loss and waste is one of the greatest challenges worldwide. Current estimates point to over 1 billion tons of food lost and wasted worldwide, though nearly 10 percent of the global population is suffering from undernourishment and food insecurity. In Mozambique, about one-quarter of the population suffers from undernourishment and food insecurity. Estimates from FAO point to postharvest losses of maize in Mozambique at about 3.69 to 7.92 percent; this is less than one-fifth of the on-farm losses reported by other authors. In this study, an Equilibrium Displacement model is used to assess the economy-wide impact of postharvest losses of maize at the farm level. The impact of a 3 percent postharvest loss is tested. Results suggest that even this very conservative percentage of postharvest losses has a direct annual net cost of around $USD 28 million for both farmers and consumers domestically. This is equivalent to over 1 percent of the national budget. It is also higher than the average cost of food aid programs received over the last three years. Therefore, reducing postharvest losses of maize along with other interventions is crucial to achieve sustainable development and economic growth.

中文翻译：

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农场层面的收获后损失及其整体经济成本：莫桑比克玉米部门的案例

摘要 随着人口和粮食需求的增加，减少粮食损失和浪费是全球面临的最大挑战之一。目前的估计表明，全世界有超过 10 亿吨的粮食损失和浪费，但全球近 10% 的人口正遭受营养不足和粮食不安全之苦。在莫桑比克，大约四分之一的人口营养不良和粮食不安全。粮农组织估计，莫桑比克玉米的收获后损失约为 3.69% 至 7.92%；这不到其他作者报告的农场损失的五分之一。在本研究中，平衡位移模型用于评估农场层面玉米收获后损失对经济的影响。测试了 3% 的收获后损失的影响。结果表明，即使是这种非常保守的收获后损失百分比，对国内农民和消费者的直接年度净成本也约为 2800 万美元。这相当于超过国家预算的 1%。这也高于过去三年收到的粮食援助计划的平均成本。因此，减少玉米的收获后损失以及其他干预措施对于实现可持续发展和经济增长至关重要。