During the last decade, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional organic solvents, from both environmental and technological perspectives. The number of structural combinations encompassed by DESs is tremendous; thus, it is possible to design an optimal DES for each specific enzymatic reaction system. In (bio)catalytic processes, a DES can serve as solvent/co‐solvent, as an extractive reagent for an enzymatic product, and as a pretreatment solvent of enzymatic biomass. To date, hydrolases are the most studied enzymes in DESs, which is not surprising given that lipases are the most important industrial enzymes. At the same time, there are a limited number of papers dealing with synthetic reactions in DESs involving other hydrolytic enzymes (epoxide hydrolases, phospholipase, proteases and haloalkane dehalogenases), lyases, and dehydrogenases (as a part of the whole Saccharomyces cerevisae and Escherichia coli cell biocatalysis). When designing efficient biocatalytic processes involving DESs, independent of the reaction type and enzyme used, the following steps should be included: (i) preparation and characterisation of the DES, (ii) screening of the DES for optimal enzyme performance, (iii) selection and optimisation of the biocatalytic protocol, and (iv) recovery of the product/DES and DES recycling with possible scale‐up. In this paper, we will present some practical aspects that we experienced while working with these solvents, together with some major observations that are available in the literature. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

中文翻译：

---

设计涉及深共熔溶剂的生物催化过程

在过去的十年中，从环境和技术角度来看，深共晶溶剂（DES）都已成为传统有机溶剂的有前途的替代品。DES包含的结构组合数量众多；因此，可以为每个特定的酶促反应系统设计最佳的DES。在（生物）催化过程中，DES可以用作溶剂/助溶剂，酶产品的萃取剂以及酶生物质的预处理溶剂。迄今为止，水解酶是DES中研究最多的酶，鉴于脂肪酶是最重要的工业酶，这不足为奇。同时，涉及DES中涉及其他水解酶（环氧化物水解酶，磷脂酶，酿酒酵母和大肠杆菌细胞生物催化）。当设计涉及DES的有效生物催化过程时，与反应类型和所用酶无关，应包括以下步骤：（i）DES的制备和表征，（ii）筛选DES以获得最佳酶性能，（iii）选择生物催化方案的优化；以及（iv）产品/ DES的回收和DES回收（可能扩大规模）。在本文中，我们将介绍在使用这些溶剂时我们遇到的一些实际情况，以及文献中提供的一些主要观察结果。©2020化学工业协会