Complex adaptive systems (CAS) exhibit emergent behaviors caused by the nonlinear actions between individual components within the system and their environment. These emergent behaviors are difficult to predict and measure making it very challenging to initially design from the start. Developing CASs, such as an autonomous swarming unmanned system, is a relevant key task today for solving hard problems with limited resources in a demanding economy. Swarming unmanned systems are valued by their unique capabilities, but how do stakeholders ensure their needs are considered during development? Certain stakeholders have interests that go beyond the initial delivery of the system, yet developers seem to focus efforts on designing autonomous behaviors to satisfy immediate mission needs. To close this gap, we propose a stakeholder focused framework for evaluating CASs over a full system life cycle for swarming unmanned systems. A goal‐oriented requirements engineering modeling methodology, Knowledge Acquisition in AutOmated Specification, is used to map requirements between stakeholder goals and autonomous behaviors. Behaviors are analyzed in an agent‐based simulation using NetLogo for quantifying stakeholder‐driven performance qualities (‐ilities). A case study was performed for a swarm of unmanned surface vessels called wave gliders to evaluate performance over the entire system life cycle.

中文翻译：

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利益相关者框架，用于评估复杂自适应系统中自主行为的有效性

复杂的自适应系统（CAS）表现出由系统内各个组件与其环境之间的非线性作用引起的紧急行为。这些紧急行为很难预测和衡量，因此从一开始就进行初始设计非常困难。如今，开发CAS（例如自动群集无人系统）是解决经济困难，资源有限的难题的重要任务。成群的无人系统因其独特的功能而受到重视，但是利益相关者如何确保在开发过程中考虑其需求？某些利益相关者的兴趣超出了系统的最初交付范围，但是开发人员似乎将精力集中在设计自主行为上，以满足当下的任务需求。为了缩小这一差距，我们提出了一个以利益相关者为重点的框架，用于评估整个系统生命周期中的CAS数量，以群集无人系统。面向目标的需求工程建模方法，即自动规范中的知识获取，用于在利益相关者目标和自主行为之间映射需求。使用NetLogo在基于代理的模拟中对行为进行分析，以量化利益相关者驱动的绩效质量。对称为波浪滑翔机的无人水面舰艇群进行了案例研究，以评估整个系统生命周期内的性能。用于在利益相关者目标和自主行为之间映射需求。使用NetLogo在基于代理的模拟中对行为进行分析，以量化利益相关者驱动的绩效质量（-ilities）。对称为波浪滑翔机的无人水面舰艇群进行了案例研究，以评估整个系统生命周期内的性能。用于在利益相关者目标和自主行为之间映射需求。使用NetLogo在基于代理的模拟中对行为进行分析，以量化利益相关者驱动的绩效质量。对称为波浪滑翔机的无人水面舰艇群进行了案例研究，以评估整个系统生命周期内的性能。