Studying on the behaviors and mechanisms involving liquid spilling fire is imperative issue in the accident investigations, safety management, risk assessment, and fire analysis of petroleum products. The experimental investigations of spilling fire spread over steady flow n‐butanol fuel under different discharge flow rates and spreading directions (opposed and concurrent spreading) were conducted based upon a self‐developed laboratory‐scale apparatus. Several parameters were revealed to characterize the steady flow fire namely flame brightness, flame height, and relative velocity of spilling fire to flow speed (V_f − u). The fluid dynamic analysis of continuously spilling fuel was performed to find out the relationship of the flow speed and the discharge flow rate. The spilling fires at different flow speeds were separated into four regimes: (I) retardation regime and (II) nonspreading regime in opposed flow, and (III) acceleration regime and (IV) detachment regime in concurrent flow. The parametric variation and the inherent mechanism were discussed to reveal the effects of the discharge flow rate and spreading direction on the liquid spilling fire. The findings of the present research are beneficial for the development of the fuel spilling fire protection measures.

中文翻译：

---

稳定流正丁醇燃料溢流蔓延的实验研究：流速和扩散方向的影响

研究涉及液体溢出火灾的行为和机理是石油产品事故调查，安全管理，风险评估和火灾分析中的当务之急。基于自行开发的实验室规模的仪器，对在不同流量和扩散方向（相反扩散和同时扩散）下稳定流动的正丁醇燃料上蔓延的火进行了实验研究。揭示了表征恒流火的几个参数，即火焰亮度，火焰高度和溢出火与流速的相对速度（V _f - u）。进行了连续溢流燃料的流体动力学分析，以找出流速与排放流量之间的关系。在不同流速下的溢流火灾分为四个状态：（I）减速状态和（II）逆流不扩散状态，以及（III）加速状态和（IV）并流状态。讨论了参数变化及其内在机理，以揭示排放流量和扩散方向对溢油火灾的影响。本研究的发现对燃料溢流防火措施的发展是有益的。