Carbon dioxide (CO₂) has been approved by the US Environmental Protection Agency as a new aquatic pesticide to control invasive Asian carps and other aquatic nuisance species in the United States. However, limited CO₂ toxicity data could make it challenging for resource managers to characterize the potential risk to nontarget species during CO₂ applications. The present study quantified the toxicity of CO₂ to 2 native riverine fishes, bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), using 12‐h continuous flow‐through CO₂ exposure at 5, 15, and 25 °C water temperatures. Resulting survival indicated that bluegill (median lethal concentration [LC50] range 91–140 mg/L CO₂) were more sensitive to CO₂ than fathead minnow (LC50 range 235–306 mg/L CO₂) across all water temperatures. Bluegill were also more sensitive to CO₂ at 5 °C (LC50 91 mg/L CO₂, 95% CI 85–96 mg/L CO₂) than at 25 °C (LC50 140 mg/L CO₂, 95% CI 135–146 mg/L CO₂). Fathead minnow showed an opposite response and were less sensitive at 5 °C (LC50 306 mg/L CO₂, 95% CI 286–327 mg/L CO₂) relative to 25 °C (LC50 235 mg/L CO₂, 95% CI 224–246 mg/L CO₂). Our results show that CO₂ toxicity can differ by species and water temperature. Data from the present study may inform decisions related to the use of CO₂ as a control tool. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2247–2255. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

中文翻译：

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二氧化碳对淡水鱼类的毒性：对水生入侵物种管理的影响。

二氧化碳（CO ₂）已获得美国环境保护署的批准，作为一种新型水生农药，可以控制亚洲入侵性鲤鱼和美国其他水生有害生物。但是，有限的CO ₂毒性数据可能使资源管理者难以确定在应用CO ₂期间非目标物种的潜在风险。本研究使用连续12 h连续流通的CO ₂定量分析了CO ₂对2种本地河沿鱼类，大blue（Lepomis macrochirus）和黑头min（Pimephales promelas）的毒性。在5、15和25°C水温下暴露。最终的存活率表明，在所有水温下，blue鱼（致死浓度中位数[LC50]范围91–140 mg / L CO ₂）对fat _2的敏感度均高于黑头min鱼（LC50范围235–306 mg / L CO ₂）。翻车也更敏感，CO ₂在5℃（LC50 91 mg / L的CO ₂，95％CI 85-96毫克/升CO ₂）比在25℃下（LC50 140 mg / L的CO ₂，95％CI 135–146 mg / L CO ₂）。黑头呆鱼表现出相反的响应，并在5℃下不太敏感（LC50 306 mg / L的CO ₂，95％CI 286-327毫克/升CO ₂）相对于25°C（LC50 235 mg / L的CO ₂，95％CI 224–246 mg / L CO ₂）。我们的结果表明，CO ₂毒性可能因物种和水温而异。来自本研究的数据可能会为与使用CO ₂作为控制工具有关的决策提供依据。Environ Toxicol Chem 2020； 39：2247-2255。出版于2020年。本文是美国政府的工作，在美国属于公共领域。