Quantum dots (QDs), nano-sized semiconductors, are one of the most important materials that create a bridge between nanotechnology, and drug assay. Their unique photoluminescence and electronic properties including broad and continuous absorption spectra, narrow emission spectra from visible to near-infrared wavelengths, long light lasting, high brightness make them as some suitable probe materials in (bio)sensing or immunosensing platform. Quantum dots (QDs) are considered efficient fluorescent labels used in a drug delivery system for monitoring the metabolism process of drugs in the body owing to the unique physicochemical characteristics. They can also be developed for a variety of biomedical applications, such as disease detection, and fluorescent assays for drug discovery. This paper reviews the physical and chemical properties of QDs, their synthesis methods, surface modification and bioconjugation as well as some interesting examples of their recent applications in analytical chemistry, drug delivery, biosensing and immunoassay.

量子点（QD）是纳米尺寸的半导体，是在纳米技术和药物测定之间架起桥梁的最重要材料之一。它们独特的光致发光和电子特性，包括宽而连续的吸收光谱，从可见光到近红外波长的窄发射光谱，持久的光，高亮度，使其成为（生物）传感或免疫传感平台中的一些合适的探针材料。由于独特的理化特性，量子点（QD）被认为是在药物输送系统中用于监视体内药物代谢过程的高效荧光标记。它们也可以开发用于多种生物医学应用，例如疾病检测和用于药物发现的荧光检测。本文回顾了量子点的物理和化学性质，