The management of demand-side flexibility plays a key role in reliable integration of intermittent renewable energy sources into residential microgrids. Residential microgrid is a dynamic and complex cyber-physical system, which consists of multiple cooperative, non-cooperative and even conflicting entities. Random and separate demand-side management of the multiple entities may have detrimental effects on the grid reliability like the peak “rebound” issue and on the economic benefits for both utilities and consumers. Harmonized coordination, not merely unorganized cooperation, among cooperative entities and negotiation among non-cooperative entities based on information sharing are therefore needed to achieve the neighborhood-level optimal solutions in a residential microgrid. This paper comprehensively reviews the state-of-the-art classification, technologies, architectures, and techniques for neighborhood-level coordination and negotiation in residential microgrids. Various types of coordination and negotiation behaviors are first categorized. The technologies, i.e., demand-side flexible resources involved in coordination and negotiation, are then summarized and introduced, including flexible loads, storage, and distributed generations. The typical architectures for coordination and negotiation are then classified into centralized, decentralized, hierarchical distributed, and non-hierarchical distributed architecture. Last, the major coordination and negotiation techniques, including multi-agent system, optimization and game theory, are reviewed and summarized. The challenges and opportunities for each technique are identified and critically discussed.

需求方灵活性的管理在将间歇性可再生能源可靠地集成到住宅微电网中起着关键作用。住宅微电网是一个动态，复杂的网络物理系统，由多个合作，非合作甚至冲突的实体组成。多个实体的随机和独立需求侧管理可能会对电网可靠性产生不利影响，例如高峰“回弹”问题，以及对公用事业和消费者的经济利益。因此，需要在合作实体之间进行协调协调，而不仅仅是非组织合作，并且需要基于信息共享的非合作实体之间进行协商，以在住宅微电网中实现邻域级的最佳解决方案。本文全面回顾了最新的分类，住宅微电网中社区级协调和协商的技术，体系结构和技术。首先对各种类型的协调和协商行为进行分类。然后总结并介绍了技术，即参与协调和协商的需求方灵活资源，包括灵活的负载，存储和分布式发电。然后将用于协调和协商的典型体系结构分为集中式，分散式，分层分布式和非分层分布式体系结构。最后，总结并总结了主要的协调和协商技术，包括多智能体系统，优化和博弈论。确定并严格讨论每种技术的挑战和机遇。住宅微电网中社区级协调和协商的技术。首先对各种类型的协调和协商行为进行分类。然后总结并介绍了技术，即参与协调和协商的需求方灵活资源，包括灵活的负载，存储和分布式发电。然后将用于协调和协商的典型架构分为集中式，分散式，分层分布式和非分层分布式架构。最后，总结并总结了主要的协调和协商技术，包括多智能体系统，优化和博弈论。确定并严格讨论每种技术的挑战和机遇。住宅微电网中社区级协调和协商的技术。首先对各种类型的协调和协商行为进行分类。然后总结并介绍了技术，即参与协调和协商的需求方灵活资源，包括灵活的负载，存储和分布式发电。然后将用于协调和协商的典型体系结构分为集中式，分散式，分层分布式和非分层分布式体系结构。最后，总结并总结了主要的协调和协商技术，包括多智能体系统，优化和博弈论。确定并严格讨论每种技术的挑战和机遇。