The hypothalamic-pituitary axis exert a major control over endocrine and exocrine testicular functions. The hypothalamic-pituitary axis corresponds to a cascade with the Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone secreted by the hypothalamus, which stimulates the synthesis and the release of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone by the gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary. The LH signaling pathway controls the steroidogenic activity of the Leydig cells via the activation of the luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor. In order to avoid a runaway system, sex steroids exert a negative feedback within hypothalamus and pituitary. Testicular steroidogenesis is locally controlled within Leydig cells. The present work reviews some local regulations of steroidogenesis within the Leydig cells focusing mainly on the roles of the Farnesoid-X-Receptor-alpha and its interactions with several orphan members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Further studies are required to reinforce our knowledge of the regulation of testicular endocrine function, which is necessary to ensure a better understanding of fertility disorders and then proposed an adequate treatment of the diseases.

下丘脑-垂体轴对内分泌和外分泌睾丸功能起主要控制作用。下丘脑-垂体轴对应于下丘脑分泌的促性腺激素释放激素的级联反应，刺激垂体前叶的促性腺激素细胞促促黄体生成激素（LH）和促卵泡激素的合成和释放。的LH信号通路控制睾丸间质细胞的类固醇生成活性通过促黄体激素/促性腺激素受体的激活。为了避免失控系统，性类固醇在下丘脑和垂体内产生负反馈。睾丸类固醇生成在Leydig细胞内局部控制。本工作回顾了Leydig细胞内类固醇生成的一些当地法规，主要集中在Farnesoid-X-Receptor-alpha的作用及其与核受体超家族的几个孤儿成员的相互作用上。需要进一步的研究以增强我们对睾丸内分泌功能调节的认识，这对于确保更好地了解生育障碍并提出适当的疾病治疗方法是必要的。