Abstract Context-based predictions facilitate speech processing. However, details of predictive processing mechanisms and how factors like language experience shape facilitative processing remain debated. This electroencephalograph study aimed to shed light on these issues by investigating the effect of dialectal experience on lexical prediction. Stimulus sentences were produced in three Mandarin Chinese dialects (home dialect, familiar regional dialect, and unfamiliar regional dialect). Critical nouns varied between strong and weak predictability. Only when listening to the home dialect was an enhanced ERP deflection observed at the transitive verb before a strongly predictable object noun (compared to the weakly predictable condition); the ERP amplitude at the verb correlated significantly with the following noun’s predictability. The predictable object nouns elicited a reduced N400 in all three dialects but only an additional reduction in N1 in the home dialect condition. Conjointly, our results suggest that effortful meaning computation may partially underlie anticipatory lexical processing and that language experience modulates the way lexical prediction facilitates the early stage of acoustic/phonological processing (in addition to the later stage of meaning integration).

中文翻译：

---

方言经验如何调节预期语音处理？

摘要 基于上下文的预测有助于语音处理。然而，预测处理机制的细节以及语言经验等因素如何影响促进处理仍然存在争议。这项脑电图研究旨在通过调查方言经验对词汇预测的影响来阐明这些问题。刺激句是用三种汉语方言（家乡方言、熟悉的地方方言和不熟悉的地方方言）产生的。关键名词在强可预测性和弱可预测性之间变化。仅当听家乡方言时，在强可预测宾语名词之前的及物动词上观察到增强的 ERP 偏转（与弱可预测条件相比）；动词的 ERP 振幅与以下名词的可预测性显着相关。可预测的宾语名词在所有三种方言中都引起了 N400 的减少，但在家乡方言条件下仅引起了 N1 的额外减少。此外，我们的结果表明，费力的意义计算可能是预期词汇处理的部分基础，并且语言经验调节词汇预测促进声学/语音处理早期阶段（除了意义整合的后期阶段）的方式。