Anxiety is common in adolescence and has been linked to a plethora of negative outcomes across development. While previous studies of anxiety have focused on threat sensitivity, less work has considered the concurrent development of threat- and reward-related neural circuitry and how these circuits interact and compete during puberty to influence typical adolescent behaviors such as increased risk taking and exploration. The current review integrates relevant findings from clinical and developmental neuroimaging studies to paint a multidimensional picture of adolescent-onset anxiety against the backdrop of typical adolescent development. Ultimately, this paper argues that longitudinal neuroimaging studies tracking approach and avoidance motivations across development are needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying the development of anxiety in adolescence and to identify and provide effective interventions for at-risk youth.

焦虑在青春期很常见，并且与发育过程中的大量负面结果有关。虽然之前的焦虑研究主要集中在威胁敏感性上，但较少的工作考虑了威胁和奖励相关神经回路的同时发展，以及这些回路在青春期如何相互作用和竞争，以影响典型的青少年行为，例如增加冒险和探索。当前的综述整合了临床和发育神经影像学研究的相关发现，在典型青少年发展的背景下描绘了青少年发作焦虑的多维图景。最终，本文认为，需要进行纵向神经影像学研究来跟踪整个发展过程中的接近和回避动机，以充分了解青春期焦虑发展的潜在机制，并为高危青少年识别和提供有效的干预措施。