The design of emulsions containing systems able to respond to different kinds of perturbations is attracting increasing interest for biomedical purposes. Emulsions of phase-change droplets, which undergo a liquid-to-gas transition on ultrasound or radiation activation are the most representative examples of such emulsions. Activation should be achieved within clinically acceptable settings, demanding a careful design of such emulsions, encompassing the selection of the components as well as the preparation procedures. New developments making use of microfluidics or low-energy emulsification methods are emerging to ensure the production of droplets of controlled size and minimal polydispersity. Furthermore, investigations on the properties of the droplets shell offer new insight for the understanding of their stability and acoustic behaviour under ultrasound irradiation. Emulsion-mediated sonodynamic therapy and the ground-breaking research on the ultrasound-propelled motors are also discussed in this review, in the light of the most recent literature.

对于生物医学目的，包含能够响应不同种类扰动的体系的乳液的设计引起了越来越多的兴趣。在超声或辐射活化作用下经历液-气转变的相变液滴的乳液是此类乳液的最典型实例。活化应在临床可接受的环境中完成，要求对此类乳剂进行仔细设计，包括成分选择和制备程序。利用微流体或低能乳化方法的新发展正在出现，以确保产生尺寸可控且多分散性最小的液滴。此外，对微滴壳特性的研究为了解其在超声辐射下的稳定性和声学行为提供了新的见解。在这篇综述中，根据最新文献，还讨论了乳液介导的声动力学疗法以及对超声驱动电机的突破性研究。