Structurally and functionally active synapses are essential for neurotransmission and for maintaining normal synaptic and cognitive functions. Researchers have found that synaptic dysfunction is associated with the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), and synaptic dysfunction is even one of the main physiological hallmarks of AD. MiRNAs are present in small, subcellular compartments of the neuron such as neural dendrites, synaptic vesicles, and synaptosomes are known as synaptic miRNAs. Synaptic miRNAs involved in governing multiple synaptic functions that lead to healthy brain functioning and synaptic activity. However, the precise role of synaptic miRNAs has not been determined in AD progression. This review emphasizes the presence of miRNAs at the synapse, synaptic compartments and roles of miRNAs in multiple synaptic functions. We focused on synaptic miRNAs alteration in AD, and how the modulation of miRNAs effect the synaptic functions in AD. We also discussed the impact of synaptic miRNAs in AD progression concerning the synaptic ATP production, mitochondrial function, and synaptic activity.

结构和功能活跃的突触对于神经传递和维持正常的突触和认知功能至关重要。研究人员发现，突触功能障碍与阿尔茨海默病（AD）等神经退行性疾病的发病和进展有关，甚至是AD的主要生理标志之一。 miRNA 存在于神经元的小亚细胞区室中，例如神经树突、突触小泡和突触体，被称为突触 miRNA。突触 miRNA 参与控制多种突触功能，从而实现健康的大脑功能和突触活动。然而，突触 miRNA 在 AD 进展中的确切作用尚未确定。本综述强调了 miRNA 在突触、突触区室中的存在以及 miRNA 在多种突触功能中的作用。我们重点关注 AD 中突触 miRNA 的改变，以及 miRNA 的调节如何影响 AD 中的突触功能。我们还讨论了突触 miRNA 在 AD 进展中对突触 ATP 产生、线粒体功能和突触活性的影响。