A Dynamic Programming (DP) formulation is developed to find the global optimal solution to the energy management of a parallel Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) equipped with a Dual-Clutch Transmission (DCT). The effects of integrating in the DP formulation the losses accounting for gearshifts and engine starts are studied in terms of the overall fuel consumption; the optimal control solutions obtained depends on the occurrence of these transient events. These sources of dissipation are modeled through physical considerations thus enabling the DP algorithm to decide when it is more convenient, in terms of minimizing the total energy consumption, to perform either a gearshift or an engine start. This capability differentiates the DP formulation here presented from those presented in previous studies.

中文翻译：

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发动机启动和离合器滑差损失对混合动力DCT动力总成能量管理问题的影响

开发了一种动态编程（DP）公式，以找到配备双离合器变速箱（DCT）的并联插电式混合动力电动汽车（PHEV）的能源管理的全球最佳解决方案。从总油耗的角度研究了将DP公式中的损失归因于换档和发动机启动的损失。获得的最佳控制解决方案取决于这些瞬态事件的发生。通过物理考虑对这些耗散​​源进行建模，从而使DP算法能够决定何时在最小化总能耗方面更方便地执行换档或发动机启动。此功能使此处介绍的DP配方与先前研究中介绍的那些有所区别。