A chronosequence of wetland swales between beach ridges in the Manistique/Thompson embayments of Lake Michigan contains plant communities that differ across the strandplain. We characterized vegetation in 33 swales and compared distribution with previously reported groundwater flow systems. Older swales near a groundwater divide created by the peak Nipissing ridge receive local flows and hold sedge/leatherleaf floating mats that transition to swamp. Farther lakeward, another groundwater divide is created by discharge of calcareous waters released by termination of an underlying clay confining layer, resulting in swales dominated by northern white cedar. Cedar swamp continues lakeward in swales having flow-through calcareous groundwater, but several swales are perched above those flows. Farther lakeward, a large amalgamated beach ridge creates another groundwater divide with discharges that again support cedar swamp. Calcareous discharge from the confined aquifer, with downslope flow-through waters, then supports more cedar swamp. Flow-through waters meet yet another calcareous discharge, resulting in ponding and development of floating mats. Finally, a deep regional aquifer discharges at the Lake Michigan shore and supports marsh/shoreline species. Our results have implications for assessing potential responses to climate change, interpretation of past climate changes in paleoecological studies, and management of wetlands facing future climate changes.

密歇根湖Manistique / Thompson隔离带的海滩山脊之间的湿地沼泽按时间顺序排列，其植物群落在整个平原上各不相同。我们表征了33头沼泽的植被，并将分布与先前报道的地下水流系统进行了比较。由尼皮辛峰山顶形成的地下水分界线附近的较旧的沼泽接收局部水流，并保持莎草/皮叶漂浮垫过渡到沼泽。再往湖边，由于下层粘土约束层终止而释放出的钙质水，又形成了另一个地下水分界，从而导致北部白雪松占主导的沼泽。雪松沼泽在流经钙质地下水的沼泽中继续向湖中运动，但是有几只沼泽栖息在这些洪流之上。再往湖边 大型的合并海滩山脊形成了另一个地下水分流区，其排放物再次支撑了雪松沼泽。密闭含水层中的钙质排放物，以及向下倾斜的流水，会支撑更多的雪松沼泽。流通水又遇到钙质排放，导致积水和漂浮垫的发展。最后，在密歇根湖湖岸有一个深层的区域蓄水层，支撑着沼泽/海岸线物种。我们的结果对评估对气候变化的潜在反应，古生态研究中对过去气候变化的解释以及对未来气候变化的湿地管理具有重要意义。流通水又遇到钙质排放，导致积水和漂浮垫的发展。最后，在密歇根湖沿岸有一个深层的蓄水层，支持沼泽/海岸线物种。我们的结果对评估对气候变化的潜在反应，古生态研究中对过去气候变化的解释以及对未来气候变化的湿地管理具有重要意义。流通水又遇到钙质排放，导致积水和漂浮垫的发展。最后，在密歇根湖湖岸有一个深层的区域蓄水层，支撑着沼泽/海岸线物种。我们的结果对评估对气候变化的潜在反应，古生态研究中对过去气候变化的解释以及对未来气候变化的湿地管理具有重要意义。