Spatter generation is considered to be a practical problem in the industrial short-circuiting transfer process of gas metal arc welding. Extensive experimental research has been conducted, and some novel approaches have been developed to mitigate splatter generation. In this study, a three-dimensional numerical model of the short-circuiting transfer process was constructed, and the behavior of the liquid bridge was analyzed. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing the calculation results with the results of an experiment on a water bridge. When short-circuiting transfer was performed with an inclined electrode wire, the liquid bridge was deformed in a manner similar to the deformation of an arch, and it subsequently broke up. Thereafter, the bridge droplet detached as a spatter from the wire tip. This behavior was caused by the difference in the magnetic flux density between the two sides of the liquid bridge. The balance between the surface tension and the electromagnetic force is important for the spatter generation. The inclination angle of the electrode wire, the short-circuiting current, and the surface tension of the molten metal are the most important factors that influence spatter generation.

在气体金属电弧焊的工业短路转移过程中，飞溅的产生被认为是一个实际问题。已经进行了广泛的实验研究，并且已经开发出一些新颖的方法来减轻飞溅的产生。在这项研究中，建立了短路转移过程的三维数值模型，并分析了液桥的行为。通过将计算结果与水桥上的实验结果进行比较，验证了模型的准确性。当用倾斜的电极线进行短路转移时，液桥以类似于拱形变形的方式变形，随后破裂。此后，桥接液滴作为飞溅物从焊丝尖端脱离。此行为是由液桥两侧的磁通密度差异引起的。表面张力和电磁力之间的平衡对于飞溅的产生很重要。电极丝的倾斜角度，短路电流和熔融金属的表面张力是影响飞溅产生的最重要因素。