Water-based cutting fluid (WCF) is more and more widely used in metal processing to meet the requirements for advanced manufacturing nowadays. However, the utilization of WCF is disputed for low wettability, which causes unstable lubrication. A new type of graphene oxide (GO)-based Pickering emulsion was developed as WCF due to the superior performance of GO in lubrication. Functionalized GOs (fGOs), including pristine GO, edge-functionalized GO (e-GO), and basalplane-functionalized GO (b-GO), were used as Pickering particles to prepare WCFs with three kinds of commercial cutting fluids. Results showed that the prepared WCFs were uniform and stable, in which the emulsion-e-GO exhibited the most significant enhancement to the friction-reducing, tapping torque-reducing, and extreme pressure performances. Compared with the base emulsions, the coefficient of friction and tapping torque were, respectively, decreased by 20% and 9%, and the last nonseizure load increased by 33%. Meanwhile, the emulsion-GO showed the best anti-wear property, and the wear volume could be decreased by 78.5% compared with the based emulsions. The lubrication mechanism was analyzed by X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), which showed that the addition of fGOs generated effective films to enhance the lubrication performances of WCFs. The superior performance of emulsion-e-GO could be attributed to the formation of compact, well-ordered, and thick lubrication films. And the faster built-up speed of lubrication films for emulsion-GO strengthened the anti-wear property.

中文翻译：

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功能化GO增强水基切削液的润滑

水性切削液（WCF）越来越广泛地用于金属加工中，以满足当今先进制造的要求。但是，WCF的使用因润湿性低而引起争议，这会导致润滑不稳定。由于GO在润滑方面的卓越性能，因此开发了一种新型的基于氧化石墨烯（GO）的Pickering乳液作为WCF。功能化的GO（fGO），包括原始的GO，边缘功能化的GO（e-GO）和基底平面功能化的GO（b-GO），被用作Pickering颗粒，用三种商业切削液制备WCF。结果表明，所制备的WCF均一且稳定，其中乳化e-GO在降低摩擦，降低攻丝扭矩和极压性能方面表现出最显着的提高。与基础乳液相比，摩擦系数和攻丝扭矩分别降低了20％和9％，最后一次非咬合载荷提高了33％。同时，GO乳液表现出最佳的抗磨性能，与基础乳液相比，磨损量可减少78.5％。通过X射线吸收近边缘结构（XANES）分析了润滑机理，结果表明，添加fGOs可产生有效的膜，以增强WCF的润滑性能。乳液-e-GO的卓越性能可归因于形成致密，有序且厚实的润滑膜。乳液型GO润滑膜的更快成膜速度增强了其耐磨性。同时，GO乳液表现出最佳的抗磨性能，与基础乳液相比，磨损量可减少78.5％。通过X射线吸收近边缘结构（XANES）分析了润滑机理，结果表明，添加fGOs可产生有效的膜，以增强WCF的润滑性能。乳液-e-GO的卓越性能可归因于形成致密，有序且厚实的润滑膜。乳液型GO润滑膜的更快成膜速度增强了其耐磨性。同时，GO乳液表现出最佳的抗磨性能，与基础乳液相比，磨损量可减少78.5％。通过X射线吸收近边缘结构（XANES）分析了润滑机理，结果表明，添加fGOs可产生有效的膜，以增强WCF的润滑性能。乳液-e-GO的卓越性能可归因于形成致密，有序且厚实的润滑膜。乳液型GO润滑膜的更快成膜速度增强了其耐磨性。这表明添加fGOs可以产生有效的薄膜，以增强WCF的润滑性能。乳液-e-GO的卓越性能可归因于形成致密，有序且厚实的润滑膜。乳液型GO润滑膜的更快成膜速度增强了其耐磨性。这表明添加fGOs可以产生有效的薄膜，以增强WCF的润滑性能。乳液-e-GO的卓越性能可归因于形成致密，有序且厚实的润滑膜。乳液型GO润滑膜的更快成膜速度增强了其耐磨性。