This study was undertaken to measure the genetic diversity and population structure of 48 barley accessions introduced from ICARDA using 51 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to select unique parents for breeding. The mean polymorphic information content was 0.491, suggesting high polymorphism for the selected SSR markers among the barley accessions. The population structure indicated a fine genetic base only with two major clusters. All accessions had 100% membership probability in their respective clusters. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that most (78%) of the variation was attributed between populations, while 22% was due to variation among individuals within populations. Neighbour-joining (NJ) tree was constructed using this distance matrix and two major clusters were observed in it. Cluster 1 had all hulled barley accessions and cluster 2 had all hulless barley accessions. Cluster 2 could be further divided into three subclusters. Principal coordinates analysis results were similar to the NJ tree, where the hulled and hulless barley accessions were grouped into separate clusters. This study established the existence of considerable genetic diversity among the 48 tested accessions. The selected genetic resources will be useful for barley breeding in India and other countries.

中文翻译：

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来自 ICARDA 的大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）的种群结构和多样性评估

本研究旨在测量从 ICARDA 引入的 48 个大麦种质的遗传多样性和种群结构，使用 51 个多态性简单序列重复 (SSR) 标记来选择独特的亲本进行育种。平均多态信息含量为 0.491，表明所选 SSR 标记在大麦种质中具有高多态性。种群结构表明只有两个主要簇的良好遗传基础。所有种质在其各自的集群中有 100% 的成员资格。分子方差分析表明，大部分（78%）变异归因于种群之间，而 22% 则归因于种群内个体之间的变异。使用该距离矩阵构建邻居加入 (NJ) 树，并在其中观察到两个主要集群。簇 1 具有所有去壳大麦种质，簇 2 具有所有脱壳大麦种质。集群 2 可以进一步分为三个子集群。主坐标分析结果类似于 NJ 树，其中去壳和无壳大麦种质被分组到单独的簇中。该研究确定了 48 个测试种质之间存在相当大的遗传多样性。选定的遗传资源将有助于印度和其他国家的大麦育种。该研究确定了 48 个测试种质之间存在相当大的遗传多样性。选定的遗传资源将有助于印度和其他国家的大麦育种。该研究确定了 48 个测试种质之间存在相当大的遗传多样性。选定的遗传资源将有助于印度和其他国家的大麦育种。