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Triploid forage grass hybrids Festuca apennina × F. pratensis display extraordinary heterosis for yield characteristics
Euphytica ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-20 , DOI: 10.1007/s10681-020-02680-0
Beat Boller , David Kopecký

Hybrid vigor (or heterosis) is the over-performance of a hybrid over its parents in a specific trait or a set of traits. As such, hybrid breeding serves as a tool to efficiently trigger gains in breeding programs. Moreover, hybrids of genetically distant landraces, varieties or even species may become evolutionary successful. In Swiss alpine swards, we observed frequent prevalence of triploid hybrids of Festuca pratensis × F. apennina with outstanding competitiveness relative to their parental species in the sites of sympatric occurrence. Observations of these highly vigorous hybrids prompted the study on their heterosis across various environmental conditions. Phenotypic observations during 3 years at four locations at different altitudes (from 200 to 1850 m a.s.l.) have shown significant heterosis for dry biomass production at all sites during the first and second year, and at the mid- and high altitude sites also in the third year. At mid-altitude (1000 m a.s.l.), heterosis increased steadily and reached a maximum of + 508% for annual yield (+ 626% for a single cut) in the third year. This is by far the highest value of heterosis ever reported for annual dry matter yield of a forage grass. Further utilization of triploid hybrids in forage grass breeding is hampered by their sterility. Hence there is a need for vegetative propagation. However, artificial chromosome doubling of triploids to create fertile hexaploids, or seeking ways to propagate them vegetatively at an industrial scale might overcome this limitation.

中文翻译:

三倍体牧草杂种 Festuca apennina × F. pratensis 在产量特性方面表现出非凡的杂种优势

杂种优势(或杂种优势)是杂种在特定性状或一组性状上优于其亲本的表现。因此,杂交育种可作为有效触发育种计划收益的工具。此外,遗传上相距遥远的地方品种、变种甚至物种的杂种可能会进化成功。在瑞士高山草丛中,我们观察到 Festuca pratensis × F. apennina 三倍体杂种的频繁流行,在同域发生的地点相对于它们的亲本物种具有突出的竞争力。对这些高度活跃的杂种的观察促使研究它们在各种环境条件下的杂种优势。在不同高度(从 200 到 1850 m asl)的四个位置进行了 3 年的表型观察 ) 在第一年和第二年在所有地点都显示出干生物量生产的显着杂种优势,在第三年在中高海拔地点也表现出显着的杂种优势。在中海拔(1000 m asl),杂种优势稳步增加,第三年年产量最高可达+ 508%(单次切割+ 626%)。这是迄今为止所报道的牧草年度干物质产量的最高杂种优势值。三倍体杂种在牧草育种中的进一步利用受​​到其不育性的阻碍。因此需要进行无性繁殖。然而,三倍体的人工染色体加倍以产生可育的六倍体,或寻求以工业规模进行无性繁殖的方法可能会克服这一限制。在中海拔(1000 m asl),杂种优势稳步增加,第三年年产量最高可达+ 508%(单次切割+ 626%)。这是迄今为止所报道的牧草年度干物质产量的最高杂种优势值。三倍体杂种在牧草育种中的进一步利用受​​到其不育性的阻碍。因此需要进行无性繁殖。然而,三倍体的人工染色体加倍以产生可育的六倍体,或寻求以工业规模进行无性繁殖的方法可能会克服这一限制。在中海拔(1000 m asl),杂种优势稳步增加,第三年年产量最高可达+ 508%(单次切割+ 626%)。这是迄今为止所报道的牧草年度干物质产量的最高杂种优势值。三倍体杂种在牧草育种中的进一步利用受​​到其不育性的阻碍。因此需要进行无性繁殖。然而,三倍体的人工染色体加倍以产生可育的六倍体,或寻求以工业规模进行无性繁殖的方法可能会克服这一限制。三倍体杂种在牧草育种中的进一步利用受​​到其不育性的阻碍。因此需要进行无性繁殖。然而,三倍体的人工染色体加倍以产生可育的六倍体,或寻求以工业规模进行无性繁殖的方法可能会克服这一限制。三倍体杂种在牧草育种中的进一步利用受​​到其不育性的阻碍。因此需要进行无性繁殖。然而,三倍体的人工染色体加倍以产生可育的六倍体,或寻求以工业规模进行无性繁殖的方法可能会克服这一限制。
更新日期:2020-08-20
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