In recent years, iron oxide nanoparticles have demonstrated great potential in biomedical applications due to their non-toxic role in biological systems. Also, the magnetic and semiconductor properties of iron oxide nanoparticles can lead to multifunctional applications in medicine. These nanoparticles have been developed as antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer. For cancer treatment and diagnosis, iron oxide nanoparticles have been functionalized with drugs. However, many of those drugs have been related to adverse effects on health. On the other hand, phytochemicals from extracts of plants have been used as an alternative for the functionalization of these nanoparticles preventing negative effects. The main advantage of these nanoparticles is the high biodistribution in the organism compared with other drug delivery systems. The magnetism of iron oxide nanoparticles has been used in cancer treatment and diagnosis, for example, thermoablation, hyperthermia, and contrast media in magnetic resonance imaging. Therefore, this work aimed to discuss the methods for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles, the different kinds of coatings used to functionalize them, and the different applications they have had in cancer treatment and diagnosis.

中文翻译：

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氧化铁纳米粒子：合成，功能化及其在癌症诊断和治疗中的应用

近年来，由于氧化铁纳米颗粒在生物系统中的无毒作用，因此在生物医学应用中已显示出巨大的潜力。而且，氧化铁纳米粒子的磁性和半导体性质可导致在医学中的多功能应用。这些纳米颗粒已被开发为具有抗菌，抗真菌和抗癌作用。为了治疗和诊断癌症，氧化铁纳米粒子已通过药物进行了功能化。但是，这些药物中有许多与对健康的不良影响有关。另一方面，来自植物提取物的植物化学物质已被用作这些纳米颗粒的功能化的替代物，从而防止了负面影响。这些纳米颗粒的主要优点是与其他药物传递系统相比，在生物体内具有较高的生物分布。氧化铁纳米粒子的磁性已被用于癌症的治疗和诊断，例如，热消融，体温过高和磁共振成像中的造影剂。因此，这项工作旨在讨论氧化铁纳米颗粒的合成方法，用于对其功能化的不同涂层以及它们在癌症治疗和诊断中的不同应用。