This paper describes a multi-filler synergy study that was carried out for multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon black (CB) filler systems in polyurethane (PU) resin, and the individual contributions of the fillers were evaluated. The hybrid nanocomposite was found resistant to ultraviolet radiation and exhibited a high glass transition temperature enabling it suitable for space applications. The contributions of individual fillers in the hybrid system were compared with the binary nanocomposites of respective fillers and the advantages of hybrid system are also highlighted. The synthesized hybrid polymer nanocomposite (PU + CB + MWCNT) was found to have superior thermal, electrical and mechanical properties even at a very low content of reinforcements and a percolation threshold of 5% CB and 0.15% MWCNT combination was also observed. Shape memory effect of the hybrid system was evaluated and compared with binary systems. A faster recovery time of 41 s was observed for a combination of 5% CB and 0.25% MWNT against 50 s for 25% CB alone upon thermal actuation. On electrical actuation, the hybrid nanocomposite system was observed to have a three-fold faster recovery compared to the binary systems of CB alone. The hybrid system proves to be a reliable choice for replacing an expensive single reinforcement system of MWCNTs.

中文翻译：

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聚氨酯-炭黑、多壁碳纳米管基异质电活性形状记忆纳米复合体系的协同研究

本文描述了对聚氨酯 (PU) 树脂中的多壁碳纳米管 (MWCNT) 和炭黑 (CB) 填料系统进行的多填料协同研究，并对填料的单独贡献进行了评估。发现这种混合纳米复合材料可抵抗紫外线辐射，并表现出高玻璃化转变温度，使其适用于太空应用。将混合体系中单个填料的贡献与各自填料的二元纳米复合材料进行了比较，并强调了混合体系的优势。发现合成的杂化聚合物纳米复合材料（PU + CB + MWCNT）即使在非常低的增强剂含量下也具有优异的热、电和机械性能，并且还观察到 5% CB 和 0.15% MWCNT 组合的渗透阈值。评估混合系统的形状记忆效应并与二元系统进行比较。在热驱动时，观察到 5% CB 和 0.25% MWNT 组合的恢复时间更快，为 41 秒，而单独使用 25% CB 的恢复时间为 50 秒。在电驱动下，观察到混合纳米复合材料系统的恢复速度比单独的 CB 的二元系统快三倍。事实证明，混合系统是替代昂贵的 MWCNT 单一增强系统的可靠选择。与单独的 CB 的二元系统相比，观察到混合纳米复合系统的恢复速度快了三倍。事实证明，混合系统是替代昂贵的 MWCNT 单一增强系统的可靠选择。与单独的 CB 的二元系统相比，观察到混合纳米复合系统的恢复速度快了三倍。事实证明，混合系统是替代昂贵的 MWCNT 单一增强系统的可靠选择。