Mosquitoes transmit serious human infections and cause a number of deaths in tropical and subtropical environment countries every year. In the present work the zinc-substituted hydroxyapatite Ca 5− x Zn x (PO 4 ) 3 OH ( x = 0, 0.05, 0.2 and 1.0) was synthesized by two different methods: the hydrothermal method and the sol–gel method. The phase formation, functional group and surface morphology of Zn-HAP were authenticated using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was tested against different organisms such as Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans . Moreover, excellent antimicrobial activity was observed for hydrothermal-synthesized (Zn-HAP) compound compared to that of the sol–gel method. The synthesized Zn-HAP nanoparticles were reported for larvicidal activity against the filarial and Japanese encephalitis vector, Culex quinquefasciatus . The hydrothermal-synthesized (1.0 M Zn-HAP) compound exhibited higher larvicidal activity (93 ± 6.62) with minimum lethal concentration LC 50 (33.74 mg ml −1 ) (to kill 50% of the care for larvae of the relevant species) and LC 90 (139.92 mg ml −1 ) (to kill 90% of the treated larvae of the respective species) after 24 h, respectively than that of the sol–gel method.

中文翻译：

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锌取代羟基磷灰石的抗菌和杀幼虫活性

蚊子每年在热带和亚热带环境国家传播严重的人类感染并导致许多人死亡。在目前的工作中，锌取代的羟基磷灰石 Ca 5- x Zn x (PO 4 ) 3 OH ( x = 0, 0.05, 0.2 和 1.0) 是通过两种不同的方法合成的：水热法和溶胶-凝胶法。Zn-HAP 的相形成、官能团和表面形貌分别使用 X 射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜 - 能量色散 X 射线光谱进行鉴定。合成的化合物对不同生物如大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌的抗菌活性进行了测试。而且，与溶胶-凝胶法相比，水热合成 (Zn-HAP) 化合物具有优异的抗菌活性。据报道，合成的 Zn-HAP 纳米颗粒对丝虫和日本脑炎载体库蚊具有杀幼虫活性。水热合成的 (1.0 M Zn-HAP) 化合物表现出更高的杀幼虫活性 (93 ± 6.62)，最低致死浓度为 LC 50 (33.74 mg ml -1 )（杀死相关物种幼虫的 50%）和24 小时后的 LC 90 (139.92 mg ml -1 )（杀死 90% 的处理过的相应物种的幼虫），分别比溶胶-凝胶法。