In this study, a new type of circulating three-phase fluidized bed reactor was conducted by adding a spiral path and was named as spiral three-phase fluidized bed reactor (TPFB-S) to investigate the possibility for removing engine oil (virgin and waste form) from synthetic wastewater by using Ricinus communis (RC) leaves natural and activated by KOH. The biosorption process was conducted by changing particle diameter in the range 150–300 and 300–600 µm, liquid flow rate in the range 2.5–4.5 L/min and gas flow rate in range of 0–1 L/min, while other parameters initial oil emulsion concentration, pH, adsorbent concentration, agitation speed and contact time were kept constant at 2000 mg/L, 2,400 mg/L, 200 rpm and 90 min, respectively. Both FTIR and SEM tests showed that the Ricinus communis surface contains of active and strong groups; therefore, it shows a morphological characteristic of interest. The tests of FTIR and SEM explained that the adsorbent solid texture consists of negative valences that related to strong and active groups like carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. Furthermore, the results showed that the removal efficiency reaches about 91 and 98% for both virgin and waste oil at 150–300 µm particle size, 3.5 l/min liquid phase flow rate and 1 L/min air flow rate and for 90 min by using natural and activated form of RC leaves, respectively. In addition, results revealed that 95% of oil was recovered from the adsorbent by using 150mL/L of hexane. Finally the results concluded that TPFB-S has a better performance than the traditional fluidized bed, where the removal efficiency was enhanced by about 23% and 17% for removing virgin oil emulsion from aqueous solution by natural and activated form of adsorbent, respectively.

中文翻译：

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螺旋路径三相流化床反应器处理机油污染的废水

在这项研究中，通过添加螺旋路径进行了一种新型的循环式三相流化床反应器，并将其命名为螺旋式三相流化床反应器（TPFB-S），以研究去除机油（原始油和废油）的可能性。形式）通过使用蓖麻（RC）从合成废水中提取，并由KOH活化。通过改变粒径在150–300和300–600 µm范围内，液体流速在2.5–4.5 L / min范围内和气体流速在0–1 L / min范围内来进行生物吸附过程，初始油乳液浓度，pH，吸附剂浓度，搅拌速度和接触时间分别保持恒定，分别为2000 mg / L，2400 mg / L，200 rpm和90分钟。FTIR和SEM测试均表明，蓖麻的表面含有活性基团和强基团。因此，它显示出感兴趣的形态特征。FTIR和SEM的测试表明，吸附剂的固体质地由与强和活性基团（如羧基和羟基）有关的负价组成。此外，结果表明，在150-300 µm粒径，3.5 l / min液相流速和1 L / min空气流速下，初榨油和废油的去除效率分别达到91％和98％。分别使用天然和活化形式的RC叶片。此外，结果表明，通过使用150mL / L的己烷从吸附剂中回收了95％的油。最终结果得出结论，TPFB-S比传统流化床具有更好的性能，