Assessment of antiretroviral (ARV) concentration in hair (hair antiretroviral concentration [HAC]) is one of the latest non-invasive innovations for measuring long-term ARV adherence. We performed a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines to identify the factors that may affect the validity and reliability of HAC. This review included 25 studies that reported data on the associations of hair concentrations of 10 ARVs with 22 potential factors related to HAC. Notwithstanding scarce data and some inconsistencies, the data from existing studies suggested that (1) HAC was associated with hair types, hair segment position, housing, illegal drugs use, high-risk sexual behaviors, renal function, and genetic factors; (2) HAC was not associated with race/ethnicity, location of sample, ARV side effects, length of ARV treatment, smoking, alcohol use, orange consumption, depression, or anthropometry characteristics; and (3) the relationships of HAC with natural hair color, hair treatment, age, sex, dosing schedule, and liver function need further study. This review of factors related to HAC informed the design, analysis, and interpretation of the future HIV treatment and HIV prevention research utilizing hair concentrations of various ARVs as a biomarker of ARV adherence.

中文翻译：

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与头发抗逆转录病毒浓度有关的因素：全球文献的系统综述。

评估头发中抗逆转录病毒（ARV）的浓度（头发抗逆转录病毒浓度[HAC]）是用于测量长期抗逆转录病毒药物依从性的最新非侵入性创新之一。我们按照系统评价的首选报告项目和荟萃分析指南进行了系统的评价，以确定可能影响HAC有效性和可靠性的因素。这项综述包括25项研究，这些研究报告了10种ARV的头发浓度与22种与HAC相关的潜在因素之间的关联数据。尽管数据匮乏且存在一些不一致之处，但现有研究的数据表明：（1）HAC与头发类型，发段位置，住房，非法药物使用，高危性行为，肾功能和遗传因素有关；（2）HAC与种族/民族，样本位置，ARV副作用，ARV治疗时间，吸烟，饮酒，吃橙子，抑郁或人体测量学特征；（3）HAC与自然发色，头发处理，年龄，性别，给药时间表和肝功能之间的关系尚待进一步研究。这次与HAC相关的因素的回顾为未来HIV治疗和HIV预防研究的设计，分析和解释提供了参考，该研究利用各种ARV的头发浓度作为ARV依从性的生物标记。