Seed priming is widely used in commercial seeds and its main function is to accelerate and synchronize seed germination. Undesirably, primed seeds show reduced longevity and treatments like heat shock have been shown to improve longevity in primed seeds. Nonetheless, the effect of heat shock treatment on primed seeds at the mRNA level is not known. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the effect of heat shock treatment on the longevity of primed tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seeds at the physiological and transcriptome levels. Tomato seeds were primed and dried (control). Alternatively, primed seeds were subjected to heat shock treatment (38 °C/32 % relative humidity) before drying. Germination, vigor and longevity were evaluated. Transcriptome analysis was performed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) from biological samples collected immediately after priming and another samples collected from primed seeds followed by the heat shock treatments. The gene expression was validated by quantitative real time PCR (RT-qPCR). We showed that applying heat shock treatment after priming increased germination speed, enhanced seed longevity and preserved the vigor during storage of primed tomato seeds. Through transcriptome analysis, 368 differentially expressed genes were identified, from which 298 genes were up-regulated and 70 were down-regulated. We showed the increase of mRNA levels of HEAT SHOCK FACTOR-like and HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN-like chaperone genes, suggesting the involvement of the proteins coded by these transcripts in the enhancement of longevity in primed tomato seeds. The heat shock treatment after priming enhances and preserves the vigor of tomato primed seeds during storage. In addition, improves seed longevity through the increase in the expression of transcripts related to protection by response to stress.

中文翻译：

---

通过热休克处理延长寿命的渗透压番茄种子的转录组分析。

种子底涂剂广泛用于商业种子中，其主要功能是促进和同步种子发芽。不良地，已涂底漆的种子显示出降低的寿命，并且已显示诸如热激的处理可改善已涂底漆的种子的寿命。但是，在mRNA水平上热激处理对发芽种子的影响尚不清楚。因此，这项工作的目的是研究热激处理对底涂番茄（茄属番茄）寿命的影响。）处于生理和转录组水平的种子。将番茄种子上底漆并干燥（对照）。或者，在干燥前，将涂底漆的种子进行热激处理（38°C / 32％相对湿度）。评估发芽，活力和寿命。通过RNA测序（RNA-seq），从引发后立即收集的生物样品和从引发的种子中收集的另一样品进行热激处理，进行转录组分析。通过定量实时PCR（RT-qPCR）验证基因表达。我们显示了在底漆处理后进行热休克处理可提高发芽速度，增强种子寿命，并在底漆处理的番茄种子存储过程中保持活力。通过转录组分析，鉴定了368个差异表达基因，其中有298个基因上调，有70个基因下调。我们发现mRNA水平的增加类似于热休克因子和类似于热休克蛋白的伴侣基因，表明这些转录本编码的蛋白质参与了底涂番茄种子寿命的提高。底漆处理后的热激处理增强并保留了番茄底漆种子在储存过程中的活力。此外，通过增加与胁迫响应保护相关的转录本表达，提高了种子的寿命。