The cell surface protein CD4 acts as a coreceptor for incoming HIV particles. However, the expression of CD4 in HIV-producing cells is detrimental to virus propagation and pathogenicity. To solve this issue, the viral accessory protein Nef forces CD4 endocytosis and targets it for lysosomal degradation. Structural elucidation of the AP-2–Nef–CD4 complex shows how Nef connects CD4 to the clathrin endocytic machinery, revealing a potential new target for anti-HIV therapy.

中文翻译：

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HIV-1 Nef对内吞作用的劫持正在变得清晰起来。

细胞表面蛋白CD4充当传入的HIV颗粒的共受体。但是，CD4在HIV产生细胞中的表达不利于病毒繁殖和致病性。为了解决这个问题，病毒辅助蛋白Nef迫使CD4内吞，并将其靶向溶酶体降解。对AP-2–Nef–CD4复合物的结构解析表明，Nef如何将CD4连接到网格蛋白内吞机器上，从而揭示了抗HIV治疗的潜在新靶标。