ABSTRACT Existing evidence on the possible effects of probiotics on inflammatory status is inconclusive. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the effects of probiotic consumption on inflammatory markers among athletes. A systematic literature search was performed in the databases PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of science, Cochrane’s library, and Google Scholar (up to July 2020). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of probiotics on inflammatory markers in athletes were included. Jadad scale was used for quality assessment. In fixed-effects meta-analysis model, standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) demonstrated the overall effect. Any possibility of publication bias was inspected through Egger’s and Begg’s statistics. A total of 14 RCTs with 393 participants were included. Probiotic consumption resulted in a significant decrease in plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 (SMD = −0.58; 95% CI, −0.87 to −0.28; P˂0.001) and tumor necrosis factor-α (SMD = −0.72; 95% CI, −1.11 to −0.33; P < .001), and significant increase in interferon-γ (SMD = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.76; P = .012). The effects were more pronounced when probiotics were consumed in Asian, male athletes, using a single strain capsule or when they were consumed for lower than 4 weeks. Probiotic supplements may be beneficial to improve inflammatory markers, including interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ.

中文翻译：

---

运动员的益生菌消耗和炎症标志物：系统评价和荟萃分析

摘要 关于益生菌对炎症状态的可能影响的现有证据尚无定论。因此，这项系统评价和荟萃分析旨在阐明益生菌摄入对运动员炎症标志物的影响。在 PubMed、Scopus、ISI Web of science、Cochrane 图书馆和 Google Scholar 数据库中进行了系统的文献检索（截至 2020 年 7 月）。研究了益生菌对运动员炎症标志物的影响的随机对照试验 (RCT)。Jadad 量表用于质量评估。在固定效应荟萃分析模型中，标准平均差 (SMD) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI) 证明了整体效应。通过 Egger 和 Begg 的统计数据检查了任何发表偏倚的可能性。共纳入 14 项 RCT，共有 393 名参与者。益生菌消耗导致白细胞介素-6（SMD = -0.58；95% CI，-0.87 至 -0.28；P˂0.001）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（SMD = -0.72；95% CI， -1.11 至 -0.33；P < .001），干扰素-γ 显着增加（SMD = 0.43；95% CI：0.09 至 0.76；P = .012）。当亚洲男性运动员服用益生菌、使用单一菌株胶囊或服用时间少于 4 周时，效果更为明显。益生菌补充剂可能有助于改善炎症标志物，包括白细胞介素 6、肿瘤坏死因子-α 和干扰素-γ。干扰素-γ 显着增加（SMD = 0.43；95% CI：0.09 至 0.76；P = .012）。当亚洲男性运动员服用益生菌、使用单一菌株胶囊或服用时间少于 4 周时，效果更为明显。益生菌补充剂可能有助于改善炎症标志物，包括白细胞介素 6、肿瘤坏死因子-α 和干扰素-γ。干扰素-γ 显着增加（SMD = 0.43；95% CI：0.09 至 0.76；P = .012）。当亚洲男性运动员服用益生菌、使用单一菌株胶囊或服用时间少于 4 周时，效果更为明显。益生菌补充剂可能有助于改善炎症标志物，包括白细胞介素 6、肿瘤坏死因子-α 和干扰素-γ。