ABSTRACT

Introduction

Bacteria are ubiquitous and many of them are pathogenic in nature. Entry of bacteria in host and its recognition by host defense system induce stress in host cells. With time, bacteria have also developed strategies including drug resistance to escape from antibacterial therapy as well as host defense mechanism.

Areas covered

Bacterial stress initiates and promotes adaptive immune response through several integrated mechanisms. The mechanisms of bacteria to up and down regulate different pathways involved in these responses have been discussed. The genetic expression of these pathways can be manipulated by the pharmacological interventions. Present review discusses in these contexts and explores the possibilities to overcome stress induced by bacterial pathogens and to suggest new possible therapeutic targets.

Expert opinion

In our opinion, there are two important fronts to regulate the bacterial stress. One is to target caspase involved in the process of transformation and translation at gene level and protein expression. Second is the identification of bacterial genes that lead to synthesis of abnormal end products supporting bacterial survival in host environment and also to surpass the host defense mechanism. Identification of such genes and their expression products could be an effective option to encounter bacterial resistance.

中文翻译：

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细菌应激反应：了解分子力学以确定可能的治疗靶点

摘要

介绍

细菌无处不在，其中许多在本质上具有致病性。细菌进入宿主并被宿主防御系统识别会引起宿主细胞的压力。随着时间的推移，细菌也发展出包括耐药性以逃避抗菌治疗以及宿主防御机制在内的策略。

覆盖区域

细菌应激通过多种综合机制启动和促进适应性免疫反应。已经讨论了细菌上下调节参与这些反应的不同途径的机制。这些途径的基因表达可以通过药理干预来操纵。本综述在这些背景下讨论并探讨了克服细菌病原体引起的压力的可能性，并提出了新的可能的治疗目标。

专家意见

在我们看来，调节细菌应激有两个重要方面。一种是在基因水平和蛋白质表达上靶向参与转化和翻译过程的半胱天冬酶。其次是鉴定导致异常终产物合成的细菌基因，这些终产物支持细菌在宿主环境中生存并超越宿主防御机制。鉴定此类基因及其表达产物可能是遇到细菌耐药性的有效选择。