The microbiome of the host and its surroundings play a vital role in its health and well‐being. Unlike the terrestrial organisms that maternally acquire its microbiome, the aquatic species mainly get colonized by the microorganisms in its aquatic surrounding and are exposed to a wide variety of microbial community based on the type of aquatic environment the host inhabits. This review is focused on the aquaculture and shrimp microbiome and factors that influence its microbiome such as prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, diet, stress conditions, frequency and type of antibiotics used, host physiological conditions and developmental stages. This review also casts light on the role of the microbiome in enhancing the shrimp health, immune response, microbial colonization, and the effects of the biofloc system on shrimp and aquaculture microbiome. Moreover, beneficial microbes can be a safer alternative to harmful antibiotics used in aquaculture, which can thereby prevent the emergence of superbugs and also enhance the production rate. A proper understanding of the interactions between the host and its microbiome can help us to modulate and manipulate the aquaculture microbiome to enhance the health of aquatic organisms, which ensures the growth of the aquaculture industry. Therefore, the treatment strategies should be targeted towards the modulation of shrimp and aquaculture microbiome, which acts as beneficial partners to overcome the challenges confronted by the aquaculture sector.

中文翻译：

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健康的微生物组：成功和可持续的虾类水产养殖的关键

宿主及其周围环境的微生物组在其健康和福祉中起着至关重要的作用。与母体获取微生物组的陆生生物不同，水生物种主要在其水生环境中被微生物定殖，并根据宿主所居住的水生环境的类型而暴露于多种微生物群落。这篇综述的重点是水产养殖和虾类微生物组以及影响其微生物组的因素，例如益生元，益生菌，合生元，饮食，压力状况，使用的抗生素的频率和类型，宿主的生理状况和发育阶段。这篇综述还阐明了微生物组在增强虾健康，免疫反应，微生物定植中的作用，以及生物絮凝系统对虾和水产养殖微生物组的影响。此外，有益微生物可以是水产养殖中使用的有害抗生素的更安全替代品，从而可以防止超级细菌的出现并提高生产率。正确理解宿主及其微生物组之间的相互作用可以帮助我们调节和操纵水产养殖微生物组，以增强水生生物的健康，从而确保水产养殖业的发展。因此，治疗策略应针对虾和水产养殖微生物组的调节，这是克服水产养殖部门所面临挑战的有益伙伴。正确理解宿主及其微生物组之间的相互作用可以帮助我们调节和操纵水产养殖微生物组，以增强水生生物的健康，从而确保水产养殖业的发展。因此，治疗策略应针对虾和水产养殖微生物组的调节，这是克服水产养殖部门所面临挑战的有益伙伴。正确理解宿主及其微生物组之间的相互作用可以帮助我们调节和操纵水产养殖微生物组，以增强水生生物的健康，从而确保水产养殖业的发展。因此，治疗策略应针对虾和水产养殖微生物组的调节，这是克服水产养殖部门所面临挑战的有益伙伴。