The current bioenergy uses and conversion technologies as well as future trends for the production of heat, power, fuels and chemicals from biomass are reviewed. The focus is placed in Austria, which is selected due to its high bioenergy utilization, providing 18.4% of the gross energy final consumption in 2017, and its strong industrial and scientific position in the field. The most common bioenergy application in Austria is bioheat with 170 PJ in 2017 mainly obtained from woody biomass combustion, followed by biofuels with 21 PJ and bioelectricity with 17 PJ. Bioheat has a stable market, where Austrian manufacturers of boilers and stoves have a strong position exporting most of their production. Future developments in bioheat production should go in the line of further reducing emissions, increasing feedstock flexibility and coupling with other renewables. For bioelectricity and biofuels, the current framework does not promote the growth of the current main technologies, i.e. combined heat and power (CHP) based on biomass combustion or biogas and first generation biofuels. However, an increase in all bioenergy uses is required to achieve the Austrian plan to be climate neutral in 2040. The current initiatives and future possibilities to achieve this increase are presented and discussed, e.g. mandatory substitution of old oil boilers, production of biomethane and early commercialization of CHP with a high efficiency or demonstration of advanced biofuels production based on gasification.

回顾了当前生物能源的使用和转化技术，以及利用生物质生产热，电，燃料和化学物质的未来趋势。重点放在奥地利，该国之所以被选中是因为其生物能源利用率高，在2017年占最终能源总消费的18.4％，并且在该领域具有强大的工业和科学地位。奥地利最常见的生物能源应用是2017年的生物热，其热量为170 PJ，主要来自木质生物质燃烧，其次为21 PJ的生物燃料和17 PJ的生物电。生物热市场稳定，奥地利的锅炉和火炉制造商在出口其大部分产品方面处于有利地位。生物热生产的未来发展应遵循进一步减少排放的方针，提高原料灵活性并与其他可再生能源结合。对于生物电和生物燃料，当前框架不会促进当前主要技术的增长，即基于生物质燃烧或沼气和第一代生物燃料的热电联产（CHP）。但是，需要增加所有生物能源的使用量，才能实现奥地利计划在2040年实现气候中和。目前提出并讨论了实现这一增长的当前举措和未来可能性，例如强制性替换旧油锅炉，生产生物甲烷和提早使用。热电联产的商业化或基于气化的先进生物燃料生产示范。基于生物质燃烧或沼气以及第一代生物燃料的热电联产（CHP）。但是，需要增加所有生物能源的使用量，才能实现奥地利计划在2040年实现气候中和。目前提出并讨论了实现这一增长的当前举措和未来可能性，例如强制性替换旧油锅炉，生产生物甲烷和提早使用。热电联产的商业化或基于气化的先进生物燃料生产示范。基于生物质燃烧或沼气以及第一代生物燃料的热电联产（CHP）。但是，需要增加所有生物能源的使用量，才能实现奥地利计划在2040年实现气候中和。目前提出并讨论了实现这一增长的当前举措和未来可能性，例如强制性替换旧油锅炉，生产生物甲烷和提早使用。热电联产的商业化或基于气化的先进生物燃料生产示范。