Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) are increasingly used in different large-scale stationary applications. In particular, this state-of-the-art energy storage system is used to deal with power management, peak shaving and load leveling and to support a large-scale renewable power grid. VRFBs offer many benefits such as long lifetime, flexibility, and relatively high performance; however, their high capital and operation costs haveremained to be their major drawback compared to other more conventional energy storage systems (ESSs). Thus, significant efforts have been dedicated to modifying VRFB components in order to enhance their economic competitiveness while improving their performance. The present paper comprehensively reviews and discusses various electrode modification approaches, and electrolyte retainment techniques by focusing on their pros and cons and effects on the performance of VRFBs and the research gaps to be addressed. This paper also aims to explore another approach, known as the nanofluidic electrolyte technique, to simultaneously modify electrode and electrolyte. In addition, novel materials with different affecting properties suitable to be utilized in “nanofluidic electrolyte” technique for improving the performance of VRFBs are introduced and discussed.

中文翻译：

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钒氧化还原液流电池电极和电解质改进的进展，重点是纳米流体电解质方法

钒氧化还原液流电池 (VRFB) 越来越多地用于不同的大型固定应用。特别是，这种最先进的储能系统用于处理电力管理、调峰和负载均衡以及支持大规模可再生电网。VRFB 具有许多优点，例如寿命长、灵活性和相对较高的性能；然而，与其他更传统的储能系统 (ESS) 相比，它们的高资本和运营成本仍然是它们的主要缺点。因此，为了在提高其性能的同时提高其经济竞争力，已致力于修改 VRFB 组件做出重大努力。本论文全面回顾和讨论了各种电极修饰方法，和电解质保留技术，重点关注它们的利弊以及对 VRFB 性能的影响以及需要解决的研究空白。本文还旨在探索另一种方法，称为纳米流体电解质技术，同时修改电极和电解质。此外，介绍和讨论了适用于“纳米流体电解质”技术以提高 VRFB 性能的具有不同影响性能的新型材料。