Abstract Ecosystem services (ES) and relationships among them have temporal and spatial patterns that need to be understood. The purpose of this research was to study the spatial and temporal characteristics of the synergies and trade-offs in ES in Guanzhong Basin (sub-humid area) and Hanzhoung Basin (humid area), as well as to compare the ES differences between the two basins. We use linear relationship between grain output and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach, integrated storage capacity method, and the revised universal soil loss equation model to simulate the four types of ecosystem services: food production (FP), carbon sequestration (CS), water retention (WR) and soil conservation (SC). Our results revealed that ES interactions varied across land use types and climate difference. Trade-off relationship between FP and CS in Guanzhong Basin (R = −0.40, P

中文翻译：

---

确定多种生态系统服务之间的关系

摘要 生态系统服务 (ES) 及其之间的关系具有需要了解的时空模式。本研究的目的是研究关中盆地（亚湿润区）和汉中盆地（湿润区）ES协同和权衡的时空特征，并比较两者之间的ES差异。盆地。我们使用粮食产量与归一化植被指数之间的线性关系、Carnegie-Ames-Stanford 方法、综合存储容量方法和修订后的通用土壤流失方程模型来模拟四种类型的生态系统服务：粮食生产（FP）、碳封存(CS)、保水 (WR) 和土壤保持 (SC)。我们的结果表明，ES 相互作用因土地利用类型和气候差异而异。